304 ICHTHYOLOGY. 



Classifica- attached under the pectorals. JFuzzle obtuse. Cleft of the mouth ANALYTICAL TABLE OF THE TEUTHYDID^ (Dum.) 



tion — nearly vertical. Teeth acute. Only two or three of the very nu- 



Acanthop- merous dorsal rays are simple, and only two on the anal, and they "ides of the tail armed with 



terous are as flexible as the jointed ones. Tlie only bony and pungent Keveral bxickler^ in one row Pkionurus 4, 



Fishes, spine is that of the ventrals. Twelve species. ^"'» immoveable plates with trenchant edges.. ..Has^XSS. 3. 



\,._-«^ Geni-s V. LoPHOTES, Giorna. Head short, surmounted by a A moveable blade in a furrow ACANTHUr.ns 2. 



very elevated osseous crest, which inclines forwards beyond the A fixed blade, trenchant on both edges AxiNnKUS 5. 



mouth, and has a long and strong spinous ray articulated to it. Sides of the tail unarmed. 



bordered behind bv nrembrane. The space between the spine and Dorsal deeply notched or double Amphacanthds 1. 



• ••e caudal is occupied by a long, low, even dorsal, sustained mostly JJorsal single, spinous in front. 



by simple rays. Caudal distinct, small ; a very short anal close to 0°« '^o''5'»l ^P'"<= elongated Keris 7. 



the caudal, and just before it the anus, the abdominal cavity occu- Several (five) dorsal spines, of equal height..PRIODON 6. 



pying nearly the whole length of the body ; pectorals of moderate r',.,.^^ t »,.„,..„..,„„„,. tji u /-n r% c- 



i^J ^ , ■', , , .. ,".. ■ , 1, J ^ Genus L Amphacanthhs, Bloch. (Euro, Commer. : Sinanus, 



size ; ventrals close behind them, excessively small, composed of a xi i /^ ^ . ir ^^ \ mu i- / ^ , . 



.',^„, r\ ■ r orsk. : Ccntroiaster, Houtt.) The peculiar character of this froup 



spine and five soft rays. One species. ■ » u "• ■ .; . j i -j ^ , . , ? ' 



ri ,„ ^'i T-„„„„.,T^ n o I. \. I. nfivj 1 \s to h&\e a. spine in tlie ventrals on each side of the articulated rays 



Genus \ I. Krohnius, Cocco. bnout short. Slouth deeply , . , <■ „ .i . ^ • ti 1 .u i ._ u ; 



, „^ „ , , » 1 Tj J V.1 1 » .1 41. • I. u 1 w'hich vary from three to five ; m other respects they have the body 



cleft. Body elongated. Head blunt; teeth on the laws : a barbel , ■,. », ,i ,, . i...i i J, m .u >i i ■ 



.,..■'. ° iu u 1 i- » 1 1 1 . 1 V 1 oval. Jlouth small and but little protractile. Teeth small, denti- 



on the chin. Anus near the head. 1< irst dorsal short and high, i ^ i i • -it:.- i i-^ i .,. , . -,-, , 



., J 1 1- 1 iu u 1 i-iu 1 1 . .1- 1 ^.fi. culated and uniserial. rive branchiostegals, the last one dilated and 



the second extending along the whole of the back to the end of the i i • *i, • .u a i, • • • r ^ ^ ^i. i ■ 



... 1 • ., .1. Ill, I.. » iv -1 concealed in the isthmus. A recumbent spine in front of the dorsal ; 



tail; anal similar to the second dorsal, also reaching to the point . ■ iu i m. - -,- i- i - , 



,.'.., 4 1 i - - .. 1 Vol 1 numerous spinous rays in the anal. The epicoracoid is cylindrical 



of the tail ; ventrals tapering into long filaments. . .,- , ■ a ^ ^ i ^ i_ j, ^ ., . . 



„ ,' , ,, ,, r 1 , 1 1 TT 3 or prismatic, and is refle.xed so as to be attached to the anterior in- 



Ge.nusVII. BiBRONIA, Cocco. Lancet-shaped, compressed. Head , t, i »• lu i m • r »u j i ^\.- . . 



J ,. T 4 .1 1 £,. 1 J 1 . 1- /7 J 1 terha-mals or the anal. The spines of the dorsal are thirteen, and 



declivous. Jaws toothless, ftingle dorsal extending forwards and , • i . n i- l ^u i • mi - . 



, , ., , ,, 1 1 - u it 1 1 ^ , only accidentally fourteen ; the anal spines seven. Thirty species, 



connected through the caudal with the long anal : rays of the yen- /,-».„- ir ^ r, ,■...,.„„„, ,^ v -i ^ . n i 



, . , ° ° > J Genus II. Acanthurus, lorsk. A strong moveable trenchant 



/-. "itttt' r> , rt T^■ 1. ■ ,. i /• ti.i . v spine on each side of the tail, Head elevated, compressed. Eye high 



Genus \ III. Pelori, Cocco. Distinguished from Btbroma by „. , , - ■ , m iu • • i • - - i i i- i , . 



., , , , lu- i,^' , i,mt up- I'lve branchiostegals. Teeth uniserial, incisonal, denticulated. 



the dorsal and anal, being separated from the caudal. Teeth on > ■ i ■ i oi • ,i,- i n i ., i ... n , 



, . ^ J o r ^ single dorsal, bkin thick, generally clothed with small scales. 



J., ■. J D , - 1, 1 i 1 i- -1 /• m -J 3 ■ They want the additional spine in the ventrals which distinguishes 



Jiibronia and Felon belong to a sub-family of Tocnudae, desig- . •', , i ^i, . .j . ^ j i j . , 



. J „., . , ,-, , ". , , .-' . v. Amphacanthus ; and the epicoracoid is not developed as in that 



nated Bibronince by tocco, but whose characters we have not been ^ „.„ . '■ '^ 



3, Dip to l^POPUrP 



^ ■ Genus III. Naseus, Commer. Tail armed with two osseous 



bucklers carrying trenchant spines, not moveable. Teeth conical, 



TEUTHYOIDS. pointed, without denticulations; a horn-like projection above the 



muzzle. Four branchiostegals, more rarely five. Three articulated 



rays on the ventrals and a spine ; spines of the dorsal five or six, 



'af''i<^-'y^ ^'"' '^^^ '" *'^'^ anal; soft rays in both fins numerous. Intestinal 



'^'^■^. canal extremely long ; four pancreatic ca;ca j a pretty large air- 



'- - bladder. Fourteen species. 



^m'^BSBs^BtB^^^^^;^^_ jg Genus IV. Prionurus, Lacep. Teeth crenulated as in -ilcnn- 



j^;- fj}r _ ' ' '^^^^^^^:^v y^^M thurus, in which the genus diifers from Naseus. Tail armed by a 



^'^' '-' .^^^^^mS;^^ A <i^ series of horizontal, fixed, trenchant spines; a couchant spine before 



the dorsal. Branchiostegals five. Five pancreatic ca;ca. Two 

 species. 



Genus V. Axinurus, Cuv. et Valenc. Distinguished from iVw- 



seus by a more elongated form similar to that of Thynnns. A very 



■^^x\^^^---"' \ small mouth, and excessively slender teeth. Armature of the 



tail consisting of a single blade cut squarely like the edge of a hat- 

 chet, and not springing from a buckler. It resembles A^iseus in its 



Fig. 124. general roughness, and in having three soft ventral rays. Bran- 



Acantlmrus Delisianus. chiostegals five. Spinous rays of the dorsal four ; of the anal two. 



rj,^ . r. .. . . . 1 -r. *^°® species. 



iliis tamily is entirely strange to the European seas. Genus VI. Priodon, Cuv. Allied at once to A'a.-ms, ^cantAu- 



Gronovius described tlie first known genus under the name ms, and Amphacantkas, forming an intermediate link of union be- 



of Hepattis, which Linnaeus afterwards changed to Teuthi/es, tween them. Branchiostegals three. Spines of dorsal five, and of 



a name unfortunately used also to desigiiate a o-enus of ""^^^ ''"■°- Teeth serrated as in ^IcoiK/mrus. Ventrals having only 



Cephalopods, and whicli on that account has been replaced '}^''' ^°}^""^ 7^ T •," ^'^T"; ^"'"""'"^ "" T\ '"'"T "^ '"^'"'' 



1 ' . 1 „ , „,, . ,,. rr-i " the orbits, and the tail without armour as in ytiiuiSncnjitAHs. 



in later times by t orskal s term ot ^(grf/rtM*. The name Genus VII. Keris, Cuv. The advanced position of the ventrals 



Ot the tamily has, however, been preserved in the Histoire beforethepectoralsandimmediatelyundertheeye distinguishesthis 



lies Poissons, as derived from the Linna'an ap[)ellation. The genus from the rest of the family ; but it has affinities with them, 



group is a natural one, having the characters assio-ned to ^he teeth fine, smooth, and pressed one against the other as in 



it in the table, and a femily physiognomy easily recognis- ^f""'''"- Tail without armature as in P™A.« Spines of the dor- 



„i,i <Ti I /• I • 1 T 1. 1 sal seven ; of the anal three ; ventrals of five soft rays and a spine. 



able Ihey are common enough fish in the Indian and Xo scales, but the skin is gran.Uated so as to resemble mosaic. 

 racitic oceans. One species is know n as the " coral shoe- 

 maker" at the Seychelle Islands. They feed on marine 



alga;, and must be pretty objects in the coral basins that FLUTE-MOUTHS, 



they fiequent, where the clearness of the water allows them 



to be distinctly seen. They are not the objects of any This femily, established by Cuvier under the name of 



special fishery, and their history can be best studied in the Fistulares or Boitchcs-en-fute, is not described in the 



detailed account of species contained in the Histoire des Histoire des Poissons, the rich accumulations of species in 



Poissons. the Paris Museum remaining still unpublished ; and we are 



No. 16 represents Naseus longicornis. unable to add anything of moment to the account of the 



family contained in the Regne Animal, ii., p. 267. Specimens 



Family XX. TEUTHYDID.^ Bonan of several members of the family are imported in the insect 



' 1 • boxes which the Chinese keep for sale to Europeans, and 



iS'^l^T-' ■ , ?^ fu"°''i <=°"P''<^^^^'i- Small mouth, not pro- -(vhidi contain many small fishes dried and pinned down like 



tractile. Uniserial teeth on both laws. Pa ate and tongue tooth- • ^ iV r ■ r .t, . i 



less. A single dorsal. Branchiostegals four or five. Scales cycloid, '"secs, otten of curious forms, that reach our museums m 



Pectorals moderate in size. Ventrals under the axilla; of the pec- "° Other way. 



torals. Many of the genera have the sides of the tail armed, or a F'g- 12 represents one of the abbreviated forms of the 



recumbent spine in front of the dorsal. Phytophagous fishes. family in the Australian Centriscus humerosus. 



Classifica- 

 tion — 



Acanthop- 

 terous 

 Pishes. 



