30 



THE ANATOMY OF THE HONEY BEE. 



and capable of inucli more action than in the queen and drone, which 

 are ahnost entirely dependent upon the workers for their food. 



The internal structure of the cranium may be studied best in a loniji- 

 tudinal section of the head (fij<>'. 11). In order to prepare a section 

 for this purpose imbed the head in paraffin and then carefully slice 

 off one side with a sharp knife or razor just outside of the bases of 

 the mandible and antenna. Holding the remainder in the block of 

 paraffin or fastening the whole in a dish of w^ater or alcohol, care- 

 fully dissect away the soft parts from the head cavity so as to expose 



Fig. 11. — A, longitudinal s(>ction through head of worker between the uiediiui plane and 

 outer edges of mandibles (1/(7) and antennfe (Ant) of left side, all internal soft parts 

 removed ; B, corresponding section through head of drone, except that the pharynx 

 (Phy) and oesophagus (CE) are not removed. 



the internal chitinous parts shown in figure 11 A and B. The.se 

 figures, however, represent a slice of the head taken from between the 

 median plane and the outer edges of the antennal and mandil)iilar 

 bases of the left side. Thus only the parts on one side of the mid- 

 line are shown. Figure A is from a worker and Figure B from a 

 drone. In the latter the pharynx and (esophagus are retained and 

 the neck is not removed. Figure 20 shows the head cut open from 

 above and the mouth parts removed. A specimen so c-ut and boiled 

 a short time in caustic soda or potash to remove the soft parts will 

 be found a valuable adjunct to this study. 



