62 THE ANATOMY OF THE HONEY BEE. 



Takiiiii- this Avin<>: of Sirex as a foundation let us proceed a little 

 hiii'lier and examine the wing- of a Fonipilid, such as PepHtH (fi|^^- 

 20 C and 25 B). We observed that in Sircx. (fig. 20 B) the basal 

 part of vein AV- is almost separated from the distal shaft. In Pepsh 

 (fig. 20 C) it is entirely a separate piece, to which is fused also the 

 base of vein R. Moreover, the shaft of So has disap})eared entirely 

 (fig. 25, B). Thus there is at the humeral angle of the wing a large 

 chitinous mass (fig. 20 C, Sc and R) rej^resenting the fused bases 

 of both the subcosta and the radius, which is associated with 

 both the first axillary [lAx) and the second axillary {2 Ax). 



If now we proceed to a study of the front wing of the bee we 

 find that its basal characters (fig. 20 F) are more similar to those of 

 iSirex (B), while its venation (fig. 25 C) resembles more closely that 

 of PepHis (B). The subcostal scale at its l)ase (fig. 20 F, /Sr) is 

 not fused with the base of the radius, but the distal part of the 

 subcosta is gone (fig. 25 C), as in Pcpsh. In the hind wing of the 

 bee (fig. 20 H) the bases of the subcosta and radius are fused into 

 one large humeral mass articulating Avith the first two axillaries 

 {lAx and 2 Ax), The third axillary {oAx) is well developed but 

 the fourth is absent. The venation (fig. 25 D) is reduced to a very 

 simple condition, but to one just the opposite from primitive. 



The details of the axillaries in the two wings ai'e shown by figure 

 20 D and G. The fourth {Ji.Ax) is well developed in the front wing 

 (D) and has a large accessory sclerite (?/) connected with it, upon 

 Avhich is inserted a long slender muscle (fig. 28, cc). A very small 

 accessory sclerite {(ix) occurs close to the muscle plate of the third 

 axillary {3 Ax). These are called "accessory" sclerites because 

 they are of irregular occurrence in the wing bases of insects generally 

 and are developed in connection with the muscle attachments. Simi- 

 lar ones occur in the hind wing (G, (ix) in connection with the 

 second {2 Ax) and third axillaries {3 Ax). 



The front wing is attached to the posterior half of the side of 

 the mesonotum. The anterior notal wing process is bilobed (figs. 

 22, 28 A, T.,.1 ANP) and is carried by the scutum, while the pos- 

 terior process {PNP) is carried by the scutellum and is mostly 

 hidden beneath the anterior wing process. The two wing processes, 

 in fact, are so close togetlier that the first axillary articulates not 

 only with the first but also with the second (fig. 26 J). The axillary 

 cord (fig. 20 F, AxC) arises from a lobe of the scutellum over]ap})ed 

 by the lateral margin (I and J, AxC). In the hind wing, where the 

 fourth axillary is absent, the third articulates directly Avith the 

 posterior notal wing process of the metatergiun (fig. 23 A, T.^., PXP). 



The base of the fi'ont wing is overlapjx'd by a large scale (fig. 20, 

 E and I, 77/) calletl the tegula. It is carried by the axillary mem- 



