THE CHALCIDOID GENUS PERILAMPUS- 65 



This Campoplex was probably parasitic on the tortricid, and the 

 Perilampus destroyed it as a secondaiy parasite. 



There is almost certainly more than one species under the name 

 ryficornis, as the records indicate that it has been reared from moths 

 as a primary parasite, and from an ichneumonid as a secondary. 

 That this would occur in a single species seems hardly probable m 

 view of its highly specialized life cycle. 



Perilampus italicus Fabricius. 



Recorded by Gaulle * as a parasite of the sawfly Athalia colihri. 



Of course there is always the possibility that the specimens recorded 

 from Lepidoptera really came from tachinids or ichneumonids which 

 transform withm their host. It is difficult to understand how the 

 Perilampus larva, bemg an external feeder for the greater part of its 

 life, could feed and develop externally upon the pupa of an ecto- 

 phagous lepidopteron, taking for granted that the mode of develop- 

 ment is similar m all the species of the genus. It might, however, be 

 able to do so upon a lepidopterous host which feeds within stems or 

 galls, the Perilampus m this case being protected from injury. 



EUROPEAN SPECIES OF PERILAMPUS REARED AT THE LABORATORY. 

 Perilampus cuprinus Forster. 



In 1906 several individuals of Perilampus cuprinus were reared 

 by Mr. Titus from puparia of imported tachinids parasitic upon the 

 gipsy moth and brown-tail moth. Occasionally a few more were 

 secured under similar circumstances, but never m numbers sufficient 

 to indicate that the species was of any particular importance as a 

 secondary parasite. Neither were there any records which mdicated 

 that any species of the genus was of more than incidental interest in 

 connection with lepidopterous hosts. 



The tachinids acting as hosts were not identified in every instance, 

 but among those species attacking the gipsy moth are BlepTiaripa 

 scutellata Robineau Desvoidy, Compsilura concinnata Meigen, and 

 Tricholyga grandis Zetterstedt, and among the brown-tail moth 

 parasites are Pales pavida Rondani and Parexorista cJielonise Rondani. 

 It is practically certain that all of the tachinids and probably some of 

 the ichneumonids and braconids preying upon this host are liable to 

 attack by Perilampus. It is also possible, but not proven, that it is 

 at times an enemy of sarcophagids which usually and probably 

 always attack pupae which have died from other causes. 



In no instance has the planidium of this species been seen but 

 there is hardly a doubt that this stage exists and that in its essential 



' Catalogue systematique et biologique des Hymtoopt^res de France, in La Feuilles des Jeunes Natur- 

 alistes. 



