70 MISCELLANEOUS FOEEST INSECTS. 



tlie interpretation to some extent. In all such cases an effort is 

 made to follow the consensus of opinion. Article 2, page 11, of the 

 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature as applied to medi- 

 cine*^ says: "The scientific designation of animals is uninominal 

 for subgenera and all higher groups, binominal for species, and 

 trinominal for subspecies." Does this mean that a genus can be 

 founded without included species ? In article 30, page 26, and the 

 correction in Science for October 18, 1907, pages 521-522, it is stated 

 that a genus must have a type and the type must be an included 

 species. In this paper a genus is considered to be without standing 

 until it contains a species; and genera which were founded without 

 species take the first species placed in them as the type and date 

 from the time when that species was placed in them. In such 

 cases the name of the first author of the genus is given first in paren- 

 theses, and, following the parenthesis, the name of the author who 

 first included a species.'' 



With the exception of monobasic genera the first designation of 

 genotypes in Tenthredinoidea and Siricoidea was done by Latreille 

 in 1810.'^ This has been definitely ruled on by the International 

 Commission on Zoological Nomenclature as follows: 



The Designation of Genotypes by Latreille 1810. — The "Table des genres avec 

 I'indication de I'espece qui leur sert de type" in Latreille'a (1810) "Considerations 

 G^nerales" should be accepted as designation of types of the genera in question. <^ 



The next entomologist to fix the types of genera was John Curtis, 

 in his British Entomology, which was published from 1824 to 1839. 

 In this work Curtis says "type of the genus," which makes it very 

 evident that the author endeavored to fix the types of the genera 

 he treated. 



J. O. Westwood, in his Synopsis of the Genera of British Insects,^ 

 gives after each genus what he calls a "typical species."^ In most 

 cases this species can be taken as the type of the genus in question, 

 and in many it is the first indication of the fixing of a type for many 

 of the genera. Inasmuch as the International Commission on 

 Zoological Nomenclature^ has said "the meaning of the expression 

 'select type' is to be rigidly construed; mention of a species as an 

 illustration or example of a genus does not constitute a selection of 



a Bul. no. 24, Hygienic Laboratory, Public Health and Marine-Hospital Service 

 of United States, September, 1905. 



ft See synonyms of Hartigia Schiodte and Boie, p. 80. 



c Considerations Generales sur I'Ordre Naturel des Animaux composant les Classes 

 des Crustacfe, des Arachnides et des Insectes, Paris, 1810. 



d Science, n. s. vol. 31, no. 787, p. 150, January 28, 1910. 



« Published as an appendix to "An Introduction to the Modern Classification of 

 Insects," vol. 2, London, 1840. 



/ Synopsis, p. 1, footnote. 



g Science, n. s. vol. 20, no. 608, p. 521, October 18, 1907. 



