2 
rain of shingle-dust which in high winds must often fall upon them, while the 
divisions themselves are unusually elastic, so that Diels has compared them to 
tiny indiarubber tubes. The protection afforded to the flowers and ripening 
fruit by the involucral leaves within which they are enclosed is another adaptation 
of considerable importance. 
Pirate 66. Ligusticwn carnosulum, drawn from specimens collected on the Black Range, Middle 
Waimakariri, Canterbury Alps, at an altitude of 4,000ft. Fig. 1, inflorescence and involucral 
leaves (x 2); 2, male and female flowers (x 5); 3, petals (x 8); 4, female flower, with petals removed 
(x 8); 5, fruit (x 5); 6 and 7, transverse sections of a single carpel (x 8). 
