— 184 — 



The most interesting conclusions which could be made from the 

 examination of these gynandrous specimens are, of course, those con- 

 cerning the homologies between the male and female genital structures. 

 The attempts of homologizing the organs and structures in different 

 sexes should be based on two criteria only, when embryological data 

 are absent, that of identical position of a structure on a strictly deter- 

 mined sclerite or place of a segment, and that of possible replacing of 

 a structure of one sex by a structure of the opposite sex, this latter 

 being situated on the same place. 



Examining the described specimens from these points of view 

 we find that: in P. rapae the uncoid of the left side is replaced by a 

 papilla analis; in G. rjiamni the uncus is replaced by a papilla analis 

 on the left and by a papilloid on the right side; the ninth segment bea- 

 ring two valvoids, one well developed and another invaginated into 

 the body cavity; in D. pint the right tubercle of the double uncus is 

 replaced by papilla analis; in P. timon the papilla analis of the right side 

 corresponds to the uncoid of the left one, the developed valva of the 

 left side corresponding to the valvoid of the right; an intersegmental 

 membrane is well marked between the ninth and tenth strongly chi- 

 tinized female half-segments and, therefore, this tenth segment is 

 anormally independent and well visible; the right valvoid, represen- 

 ting on the right, female, side the male valva, is, no doubt, a female 

 structure belonging to the ventral surface of the ninth segment; in 

 P. dispar an intersegmental membrane between the ninth and tenth 

 tergites is well marked, separating these sclerites of the tegumen from 

 one another, and a bifid apex of the uncus, indicating the origin of 

 this organ from a double rudiment. 



The morphological conclusions which are to be made from 

 these facts are as follows. 1. The uncus is homologous to both papillae 

 anales, fused together, and namely to their dorsal portions, the ven" 

 tral ones being reduced. 2. The terminal segments of the female ab- 

 domen are, really, the same in number and position as in the male. 

 3. The tegumen is, really, a complex of two fused tergites, ninth and 

 tenth. 4. The double or bifid uncus must be considered primary. 

 5. The male valva has in the female abdomen a corresponding and 

 homologous structure on ninth segment, which in some cases can de- 

 velop into a valvoid. The first three of these conclusions are but a 

 more detailed and better based confirmation of results obtained some 

 years ago by previous authors; the fourth, I think, is a new one; the 

 ifth, quite new for the morphology of Lepidoptera, received a beauti- 

 ful and well based confirmation in the recent papers by Gold- 

 schmidt (16, 17) and Poppelbaum (47) which, unfortunately, 

 were unknown to me at right time. 



Kevue Russe d'Entoin. XVI. 1916. № 3_4. 



