— 185 — 



In 1912, while studying the morphology of the genital apparatus 

 in Lepidoptera, I found in many species and figured (34, ff. 79 and 80) 

 structures on the female abdomen, lying on ventral side of the ninth 

 segment and resembling, by the shape and the hairs covering them, 

 the papillae anales (ff. 17 and 18). These structures were then un- 

 known to me as well as to all previous authors, and I limited myself 

 only by figuring them without naming or describing them in details. 

 Now, after the above mentioned investigations of G о 1 d s с h m i d t and 

 Pop pel bau m, I consider them, under the name of „papillae geni- 

 tales", as very important parts of the female abdomen, homologous, ac- 

 cording their position and possibility of being replaced, to the male valvae, 

 and, very possibly, representing, like the male valvae, the gonapophyses 

 of the female abdomen, yet unknown and not described in the Lepi- 

 doptera, and namely the inner pair of them. 



Summarizing the results of my investigations and those of pre- 

 vious authors, we can now affirm that 



the male uncus = female papillae anales = morphologically, 

 distal appendages of the tenth abdominal tergite, 



the male valvae = female papillae genitales = morphologically, 

 inner pair of the gonapophyses of the ninth abdominal segment, and 



the male tegumen = tergites ninth and tenth fused together. 



From these homologies some final conclusions are to be made. 

 First: very possible that the development, in the sense of specialization, 

 of the copulatory structures has gone in the direction from the female 

 to the male type of construction, because the female type may be con- 

 sidered in many respects as primitive. Second: the male and female 

 secondary sexual structures are no more than products of specializa- 

 tion in two different directions of the same primitive rudiments. Third: 

 the gynandromorphs of symmetrical type are individuals with incom- 

 plete sexual specialization, and those of asymmetrical type are indivi- 

 duals with sexual specialization, although sometimes complete, but 

 partial, directed in two opposite sides and without normal correla- 

 tions with other systems. 



Cytological, as well as mendelistic, schemes, like those of В o- 

 v e r i (3-5), Morgan (39 41), Lang (35), M e i j e r e (36), G о 1 d- 

 schniidt (16, 17), Gross (18), are insufficient for elucidating the 

 nature of the phenomena of gynandromorphism. They are nothing 

 more than elaborate conjectures which rightly correspond to the per- 

 plexity of modern theories of fertilization and heredity. One must con- 

 fess, nevertheless, that the „chimaeric" hypotheses fail totally to ex- 

 plain the symmetrical type of gynandromorphism. 



In conclusion: there is evident a considerable independence, in 

 existence and evolution, of different structures of the sexual sphere in 



Русск. Энтом. Обозр. XVI. 1916. № 3-4. 



