334 CARL HALLQVIST 



turned out differently and brought forth violet as well as bluish red 
plants. This is not the case. Only blue, tinged blue and white are 
present, and this shows that the white parent had all determiners for 
blue colour, while the necessary fundamental factor was absent. It 
has been assumed that the colour factor for pure red or R, which 
remains when the factors for bluish red and violet have been elimina- 
ted, should represent the fundamental factor just discussed. This is 
in accordance with all the results of the segregations, as pure red is 
the first liak in the colour chain and as no indication of complemen- 
tary fundamental factors has been obtained so far. The genus Lupi- 
nus would then form an exception similar to Pisum, as the presence 
of two fundamental factors has been found to be the rule in most 
genera carefully investigated. The most probable thing is, however, 
that two fundamental factors are present in these as well as in other 
genera, although only one has been established because of the use of 
whites lines, where only one of the factors, and always the same, has 
been present. 
That this is so in Lupinus becomes very probable when it is re- 
membered that only few lines of the genus have been investigated; 
my crosses comprise only two white flowered lines. That the same 
state of things has been found in the classic genus Pisum is a fact 
of greater significance. The diverging genetical constitution may in- 
dicate a deviating course of the formation of the colour. It would 
therefore be of great interest to follow up this side of the matter 
through an extensive study of white flowered lines of both genera. 
The white colour in Lupinus shows another peculiarity, which 
distinguishes it from several other plants. The white forms of Lupi- 
nus ang. do not represent pure albino forms as is generally the 
case, in Lathyrus and Antirrhinum for instance. Certainly, they lack 
every trace of colour in all vegetative parts just as these, and buds 
and young flowers are pure white. Indeed, even older flowers may 
lack colour in certain cases. The flowers become coloured with age 
as a rule, however, and this coloration is sometimes very marked. 
Furthermore, the seeds of the white type are generally faint brown 
marbled with a rust-brown scar at the hilum. The same coloration 
of the seeds is found in Pisum, which also has »ghoast» coloured 
white seeds. Observations made the last year show that the shade 
of the colour is not the same in all whites, but varies with the colour 
factors present in a »latent» state. The outer conditions have appa- 
rently greatly favoured the development of the colour this year (unsui- 
