CARDUUS. CNICUS. 113 



326. Carduus nutans. Iii pastures only. B. In fields about 

 Edrom ; and at Mayfield ; and in a field above Blackbuinrigg wood, 

 plentiful. — N. In fields about Doddington ; and in fields near 

 Newlands beyond Belfbrd.— R. On Bowmont water. — Begins to 

 flower towards the end of June, with the major part of our Thristles, 

 and continues flowering throughout autumn. " Flos cernuus, noctu 

 suaveolens; entymologis notissimus ob Phalsenas flores noctu copiose 

 depascentes." Linnaeus. — Mr. Hardy has remarked that the musky 

 smell pecuhar to the species appears to reside most powerfully on the 

 under surface of the leaves. 



327. C. ACANTHoiDES. lu hedges and on dry waste grounds 

 not uncommon, and not unornamental. Our plant is the variety 

 /3. crispus ; but the real C. crispus would appear not to have been 

 found in Britain. Ann. and Mag. N. Hist. Ser. 2. ix, p. 341. 

 July-Sept. 



328. C. TENUiFLORUS. Waste places and road-sides, common. 

 July. 



329. C. MARiANUS = Silybum marianum. — On waste grounds 

 where old buildings have gone to ruin, scattered over the district. 

 B. Bankhill and other parts of the ramparts ; aud on the bank of 

 the Old Castle fronting the river, sparingly. About Newwaterhaugh ; 

 Milne-Graden ; and Millknowe in the Lammermuirs. — D. Holy- 

 Island opposite St. Cuthberts, Thompson. " I saw beautiful 

 specimens in the churchyard of Holy-Island in 1844," R. Embleton. 

 — I have noticed that whenever a piece of new ground is taken and 

 trenched for a garden, specimens of this Thistle make their appear- 

 ance. The Rev. Thos. S. Goldie, in his account of the parish of 

 Coldstream, says of Thistles in general : — " It may be observed as a 

 curious fact, that whenever the soil is turned up beyond a depth of 

 three or four feet, immense quantities of thistles immediately spring 

 up, and flourish in wild luxuriance." Stat. Ace. Berwicks. p. 205. 



330. Cnicus LANCEOLATUS. 33iirr;C^vt:Stlt. Way-sides, frequent. 

 July, Aug. Children are accustomed to tear off the involucrum, and 

 spread out the flower into the shape of a Sun-flower. This is some- 

 times fixed to the bonnet by way of cockade. The receptacle is often 

 eaten. The seeds are a favourite food of the Goldfinch. Small flocks 

 of this bird are occasionally seen in the fields during the winter 

 season, gathered around a clump of withered thistles. J. Hard3\ 



331. Cn. PALtJSTRis. 33oCj;?CI)ngs'cI. Boggy grounds, common. 

 It has often white flowers. July, Aug. 



332. Cn. arvensis. Cultivated fields and way-sides, much too 

 common on many light soils. July. 



333. Cn. HETEROPHYLLUS. Rare. — B. In the plantation by the 

 side of the post-road to the east of Houndwood house, G. Hendersoii. 

 In marshy spots on the top of the sea banks between Redheugh and 

 Dulaw, J. Hardy. Banks of the Whiteadder above Claribad mil!, 

 Dr. R. Dunlop. Langton-Lees' cleugh. Rev. T. Brown. In abun- 



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