HIERACIUM. 119 



of the iriTolucre unequal, dark green, with paler margins, downy, 

 and rough, with dark eglandular setse. Ligules smooth. Styles 

 fuscous. Fruit dark chestnut-brown, sulcated longitudinally, smooth, 

 entire at the top, and crowned with a sessile pappus. — This is a com- 

 mon and not unornamental species on the walls of ruins, e. g. on 

 Berwick Castle, where it overhangs the river ; on old earth-capped 

 dikes ; on crags and in the chinks of high rocks ; on rocky braes 

 slightly covered with a crumbling soil ; and sometimes in shallow, 

 gravelly fields. The foliage is dry and green, and the plant dries 

 neatly for the herbarium. It is the H. murorum of Lightfoot, and 

 of botanists of his period ; and Lightfoot, who is surely a favourite 

 author with every student, considers it and the preceding to be merely 

 varieties of one species. Fl. Scot. 437. The more extensive our 

 researches become, albeit they may not extend beyond our district 

 limits, the more satisfied we are of the correctness of this view. We 

 have specimens which, like the distanced horse, can be " placed 

 nowhere." 



** Stems without radical leaves. 



Calyx setose H. sabaudum. 



— hairy H. strictum. 



— glandular H. prenanthoides. 



— smooth H. umbellatum. 



352. H. SABAUDUM, Eng. Bot. v. 349. = H. boreale. Plate III. 

 fig. 1. — Stem erect, copiously leafy, many-flowered, woody, solid, 

 hairy towards the root, rough and furrowed, the ridge yellowish, while 

 the even interspace is green, branched and panicled above. Leaves 

 alternate, sessile, and partly clasping the stem, lanceolate, toothed 

 with mucronate denticles, dark green, and naked above, glaucous 

 underneath, and rough with scattered stiff hairs from a hardened basis, 

 which gives a speckled appearance to that surface. The leaves become 

 gradually smaller, and on the upper parts are more clasping and 

 ovate-lanceolate. Flowers numerous (30 and upwards), comparatively 

 small, on hispid and downy bracteated stalks. Scales of the in- 

 volucre dark green, erect, the exterior hispid, the inner lanceolate, 

 with pale margins. Fruit chestnut-brown, sulcated, roughish, and 

 crowned with a cream-coloured pappus. — The description of Sir 

 James E. Smith is closely applicable to our specimens, and nothing 

 can be more elegantly done. A neglect of his writings, and a pre- 

 valent tendency to depreciate them, has led to a barbarous and tech- 

 nical mannerism in the descriptions of some late authors, which it is 

 often difficult to follow out or understand. It is pleasant to study Sir 

 James's great work ; and with it I have interpreted the present species, 

 which is a coarse, shrubby herb, from 2 to 3 feet in height. It grew, 

 some years ago, in great abundance in the woods of the Pease Dean 

 and Penmanshiel ; but, during two recent explorations, I was not 

 able to find a single plant. I cannot believe, however, that it has 

 been extirpated. I have also gathered it on the banks of tlie White- 

 adder above Edrington mill, and near Claribad. D. In a wood near 



