184 popuLus. 



Hazels were like those of young Hazels in inland situations. In the 

 Honeysuckle, which here flowers well, and produces large juicy fruit, 

 the increase of the leaf was most to be remarked in breadth, the basal 

 portion being, in many instances, the segment of a circle. The length 

 of one was 3^ inches by 2} in breadth, and it had also gained in 

 thickness. On the sandstone rocks to the east of the Cove shore, 

 the Aspen comes down to the edge of the cliffs, and the foliage was 

 so enlarged that Mr. Hardy, at first sight, mistook it for the black 

 Italian Poplar. — " In herbaceous plants, perhaps, the most remark- 

 able change occurs in Scabiosa succisa. A pretty general size is 1 1 

 inches long, by a breadth of 2 at the widest. On the greywacke the 

 leaf is very smooth and quite glabrous, although its roughness and 

 pubescence are distinct when growing on a red sandstone soil. The 

 leaf is much thicker and more fleshy, and of a paler green, than when 

 growing in the interior, and the tip becomes obtuse, being pointed in 

 its normal condition. Hieracium murorum undergoes nearly a simi- 

 lar change ; the leaves are generally thicker and more fleshy than 

 those I have gathered inland, as at Castle Eden dene, and the under- 

 side of the leaf is often pinkish. In the fissures of the greywacke 

 rocks, there is a smooth, almost glabrous, paler-coloured leafed va- 

 riety, with ovate, and much more pointed leaves ; but the rough- 

 leafed varieties grow in the gravelly places. Some of the radical 

 leaves of Viola canina are much enlarged, and their hue is much 

 fainter than inland, approaching to that of V. odorata. Of one, the 

 petiole is 5^ and the leaf 2| inches long by 2^ at the greatest width. 

 The pinnae of the leaflets of Orobus tuberosus are likewise, in several 

 instances, exceedingly broad, which contrast strikingly with the linear 

 leaflets of some moorland specimens. Luzula sylvatica, and some- 

 times even Calluna vulgaris, acquire an unprecedented bulk. The 

 common Dandelion, in sheltered nooks, assumes a new form and 

 habit of leaf; as it becomes nearly obovate \vith but slight inferior 

 laciniation, and both sides thereof are hispid. The common Sow- 

 thistle appears under a shape that might almost challenge to be 

 discriminated as a distinct species ; the leaf has become nearly di- 

 vested of its prickles, is thin and tender, of a deeper and rather glau- 

 cous green, and it is cut into a shape that invests it almost with at- 

 tributes of elegance. The fore portion is arrow-shaped (deltoidal) 

 and large, the lobes pointing backwards ; as likewise do the smaller 

 segments. Sometimes the stem never rises, and the leaves spread 

 over the soil like a star. Of Plantago maritima, I recollect meeting 

 some extraordinary specimens on a very exposed part of the coast of 

 Durham, between Marsden and Monkwearmouth. The leaves were 

 fully a foot in length, nearly as thick as quills, and as succulent as 

 an Aloe, while the stout and lengthened flower-stalks produced not 

 merely a single head, but sometimes more than a half-dozen in a 

 bunch. Of the influence produced on fruits, I have only observed 

 two examples, but these are suflficiently marked. These are the hips 

 of two of the common Wild Roses. The most remarkable are those 

 of Rosa tomentosa, of which the primary one is nearly quite globular 

 and almost like a crab apple (approaching to the character ascribed 



