[19] ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS. 521 
were undescribed and others not before known from this region. The 
species of simple-armed Astrophytonide, taken by the “Albatross,” have 
been referred to on previous pages [pp. 8, 10]. They are often found 
clinging to the Pennatulacea and Gorgonians, in large numbers, in com- 
pany with the various species of Ophiacantha. 
The very common species, Antedon dentata, was the only crinoid ob- 
tained, with the exception of fragments and young of Khizocrinus (fig. 
57). Of the former we also took afew young specimens, in the attached 
or stemmed condition (fig. 58). 
A fine species of stalked crinoid belonging to the genus, Benthocrinus, 
was dredged in 1884, in 2,021 fathoms, off Chesapeake Bay. 
CRUSTACEA. 
e The Crustacea were very numerous and included many new forms of 
great interest. According to the report of Prof. S. I. Smith* there were 
fifty-seven species of deep-water Decapod Crustacea, besides fifteen shal- 
low-water ones. Of these he has described nineteen as new. At the 
single haul in 2,949 fathoms six species were taken, while thirteen oc- 
curred below 2,000 fathoms, and twenty-nine below 1,000 fathoms. 
The twenty-nine species taken below 1,000 fathoms include twenty- 
one Caridea, or true shrimp, two Eryontide, three Galatheidz, one Pa- 
guroid, one Lithodes, and one Brachyuran belonging to the Dorippide. 
“Tt is interesting to compare these results with the lists of the fauna 
of the North Atlantic below 1,000 fathoms, given by the Rev. Dr. Nor- 
man in the presidential address to the Tyneside Naturalists’ Field Club, 
published last year. In Dr. Norman’s lists only twelve species of Deca- 
poda are recorded, none of them from as great a depth as 2,000 fathoms, 
and of these twelve species seven were known only from the ‘Blake’ 
dredgings of 1880.” 
In the course of subsequent studies Professor Smith has added a few 
more species to the list. 
The deep-sea crustacea are neither degraded in structure nor small in 
size. Among them are representatives of all the higher groups, while 
many of the species are remarkable for their great size. A true crab 
(Geryon quinquedens Smith, fig. 156), common in 105 to 816 fathoms, is one 
of the largest crabs known, for the massive body is often 5 inches long and 
6 broad. It is dark red in color. The great spiny spider-crab (Lithodes 
Agassizii Smith, fig. 151), first described from'the “ Blake” collection, but 
also taken in 1882 and 1883 by the Fish Commission, measures over 3 feet 
across the outspread legs, while the body is 7 inches long and 6 broad, and 
covered with long, sharp spines. It ranges from 410 to 1,255 fathoms. 
Several of the shrimp are nearly a foot long, not including the anten- 
ne, which, like the legs, are often remarkable for their great length and 
slenderness. 
* Report of the United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, Part X, for 1882 
(published 1884), p. 345, and American Journal of Science, vol. 28, p. 53, July, 1884. 
