522 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [20] 
The following, according to Professor Smith, are some of the more - 
interesting forms: ‘A new genus of Brachyura, allied to Hthusa, 1,496 
to 1,735 fathoms; an Anomuran belonging to A Milne-Edwards’ new ; 
genus Galacantha [= Munidopsis Whiteaves], 1,479 fathoms ; two species 
- of Pentacheles (fig. 152, a genus of Eryontide allied to Willemesia), be- 
tween 843 and 1,917 fathoms; a stout Palemonid (Notostomus, fig. 160), 
6 inches long and intense dark crimson in color, 1,309 to 1,555 fathoms; a 
gigantic Pasiphaé (fig. 158), 85 inches long, 1,342 fathoms; three species 
of a remarkable new genus allied to Pasiphaé, and also to Hymenodora, 
and some other genera of Palemonide, which shows that Pasiphaé is 
closely allied to the Palemonide; a large Peneid, a foot in length, re- 
ferred to the little-known genus Aristeus (fig. 159) ; and a large Sergestes, 
3 inches in length.” 
‘‘A striking characteristic of the deep-sea crustacea is their red or 
reddish color. A few species are apparently nearly colorless, but the 
great majority are some shade of red or orange, and I have seen no 
evidence of any other bright color. A few species from between 100 
and 300 fathoms are conspicuously marked with scarlet or vermilion, 
but such bright markings were not noticed in any species from below 
1,000 fathoms. Below this depth orange-red of varying intensity is 
apparently the most common color, although in several species, very 
notably in the Notostomus already referred to, the color was an exceed- 
ingly intense dark crimson.” 
I have in former articles repeatedly called attention to the prevalence 
of salmon, orange, and scarlet colors among the deep-sea animals of vari- 
ous groups, and have insisted that these are protective colors in conse- 
quence of the peculiar nature of the light transmitted to them through a 
vast thickness of sea-water. This view necessarily implies that a certain 
amount of sunlight is thus transmitted. The existence of well developed 
eyes in the deep-sea fishes, cephalapods, crustacea, &c., may well be re- 
garded as positive evidence of the existence of a certain amount of light 
even at the greatest depths explored. According to Prof. 8. lL. Smith 
there were sixteen species of decapod and schizopod crustacea taken by 
the “Albatross” at depths below 2,000 fathoms, eight of them ranging 
downward to 2,949 fathoms, and all these species had normal faceted 
eyes. Nineof then had dark-colored eyes, similar to allied shallow-water 
species, and not much smaller; four had small black or dark eyes; one 
had light-colored eyes largér that usual in the shallow-water species of 
the same genus; and nine had small light-colored eyes. 
Professor Smith has also called attention to the remarkably large 
size and small number of the eggs of many of these deep-sea crustacea, 
their eggs being often ten, fifteen, and sometimes even more than three 
hundred times larger than those of allied shallow-water species. 
“The large size of the eggs is a marked feature in many of the deep- 
water Decapoda. The eggs of Lupagurus politus from 50 to 500 fathoms, 
are more than eight times the volume of those of the closely allied and 
