530 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. [28] 
Several fine species of Salpa, some of them of great size, often oc- 
curred in abundance in our trawl, but they belong to the surface fauna, 
and will be mentioned more particularly under that head. 
BRYOZOA. 
The Bryozoa collected have not yet been carefully studied. They are 
usually not abundant in deep water, owing mainly to the absence of 
favorable objects forattachment. Whenever we have met with bowlders 
or hard concretions in deep water we have generally found a number of 
species of Bryozoa adhering to them. On the hard, spongy bottoms, in 
65 to 125 fathoms, several species commonly occur, mixed with the 
hydroids and sponges, or adhering to ascidians, shells, pebbles, &e. 
One of the most interesting of these is a slender species of Salicornaria. 
On the stony bottoms off Nova Scotia, in about 100 fathoms, large 
numbers of well-known northern species were taken. On stones and 
hard concretions, taken at station 1124, in 640 fathoms, there are several 
species, among which are Cellularia scabra, Discopora ovalis, and a Tubu- 
lipora. The two latter also occurred on stones from 234 fathoms, with 
Membranipora Flemingti and. other species. The curiously branched 
form, Kinetoskias (or Bugulopsis) flexilis V., occurred in 194 fathoms. 
SPONGES. 
The sponges obtained in this region have not yet been studied. Those 
from deep water are not very numerous, but some of them are of great 
interest. One large handsome, vase-like, vitreous sponge, resembling 
Holtenia, was taken at station 2067, in 122 fathoms, off Nova Scotia. 
A thin, felt-like species, belonging to the same group, occurred in 640 
to 780 fathoms. <A large, coarse-fibered, felt-like Phakellia, growing in 
semicircular or funnel- shaped wae was taken in 640 fathoms, eee 

pression in angio: The ‘aor sa margin is dearly ateaiett, but awolle aot a little in 
the middle, and is subcarinate, with a row of small scattered papillw along the ridge. 
The distal end is large, rounded, swollen, and bordered on each side by a distinct keel, 
which is covered with several crowded rows of prominent, rough, though soft papillx, 
which merge into a large, triangular patch of similar but larger papillae, situated on 
the dorsal side near the distal end, where the dorsal carina meets the lateral ones ; 
the papille in this cluster are large, stout, tapering to a point, and covered on all 
sides with minute, conical spinules. The lateral rows of papille extend back to about 
the middle of the body on the ventral side, where they meet, thus inclosing a large 
ovate area, near the middle of which the large cloacal-opening is situated. This open- 
ing is bilabiate, each lip bordered with one or two rows of elongated, rough papilla, 
like those of the lateral carinw. The oral opening is very large, in expansion nearly 
round, the proximal side sometimes bending inward, leaving a sinus on either side of 
it; the margin is thickened and revolute, bordered by a row of small tapering papille. 
The whole surface of the test is covered by minute, granule-like or conical elevations, 
which are rather close over the dorsal parts, less numerous beneath. Color dull yel- 
lowish gray, the stem dark brown. 
Length of the stem of one specimen, 155™™; its diameter near the base, 2™™; length 
of body, 70™™; greatest diameter, 4dynm ; diameter of mouth, 8™™, Station 2041, in 
1,608 fathoms, 1883. 


