_ [29] ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS. 5S 
with a slender pinnate species of Cladorhiza (C. abyssicola Sars?). The 
large, stout, clavate, species (C. grandis V., fig. 1), occurred occasionally. 
It is not uncommon in 100 to 200 fathoms off Nova Scotia. The curious 
slender-stemmed Stylovordyla lonyissima G. O. Sars, was dredged on 
muddy bottoms several times in 407 to 1,423 fathoms. Porvillia echi- 
nata Verrill, which forms large, harsh, spiculose balls, attached to the 
mud by long root-spicules, occurred in one instance. 
On the hard bottoms in 65 to 125 fathoms several irregularly lobed 
and branched species, belonging to Chalina, Isodictya, Halichondria, &c., 
occurred in great abundance. With these there were large numbers of — 
hard, rigid, sparingly branched and rather strong stems of an unknown 
sponge, composed of long closely-united siliceous spicules. 
FAUNA OF THE NORTHERN WATERS. 
One trip, stations 2053 to 2084, was made to the northern waters, 
during which a number of hauls were made, both in shailow and deep 
water, on and near Brown’s Bank, off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia, and off 
the southern slope of George’s Bank, August 29 to September 5. On 
the southern border of Brown’s Bank a rough, hard bottom, covered 
with stones and large barnacies, was found in 108 to 113 fathoms (sta- 
tions 2069 to 2071), on which the great bush-coral (Primnoa lepadifera) 
appeared to be abundant, and several good specimens of it were ob- 
tained by the use of tangles and grapples, but the bottom was too rough 
for the trawl. Various other well-known northern and Arctic species, 
most of them already discovered in the same region by our former explor- 
ations, were obtained from the cold-water localities, many of which 
were in moderate depths. Great clusters of the large barnacle (Bala- 
nus Hameri) were dredged in abundance in 80 to 120 fathoms on Brown’s 
Bank. It was usually associated on these rough, stony bottoms with 
Balanus poreatus. Among the more prominent of the northern Echino- 
derms taken in these northern waters were Solaster endeca, Crossaster 
papposus, Lophaster furcifer (fig. 49, a), Ophiacantha spectabilis, and several 
new species of Ophiacantha enumerated in the general list. 
One interesting Arctic shell was added to the American fauna on this 
occasion. This is a limpet-like species (Piliscus commodus Midd.) pre- 
viously known from the extreme northern coasts of Europe and Asia, 
from Iceland, and from Alaska. It was dredged in the same region as 
the Primnoa, in 150 fathoms, and lives clinging closely to the rocks. 
Doubtless other additions to our northern fauna will be found among 
these northern dredgings when they shall have been carefully studied. 
On the hard bottoms, covered with barnacles, &c., in about 100 fath- 
oms, off Nova Scotia, several northern species of sponges were obtained, 
mostly of Halichondria, Chalina, and allied genera. Among these were 
Chalina oculata, Polymastia robusta, &e. 
The fauna in the deep-water localities dredged on the same trip (sta- 
tions 2072 to 2078, 2083, 2084) did not differ essentially from that found 
atrrco esponding depths off Martha’s Vineyard. 
