[17] ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS. 519 
stomach of this star-fish specimens of sea-urchins (Brissopsis lyrifera and 
Aceste bellidifera) 1 to 2inches in diameter, but partially crushed.* 
A smaller and very distinct new species of this genus (Archaster sept- 
tus V.), from 368 to 858 fathoms, has two regular, divergent rows of mar- 
ginal spines all around, while the rather swollen marginal plates are 
covered with small, sharp spinules, and similar spinules cover the lower 
side. The isatteral plates project strongly into the grooves and 
bear very convex groups of slender, tapering spines. The disk is 
rather small and the tapering arms moderately elongated. 
A large and handsome new Archaster (A. robustus V.), remarkable 
for its long, high, squarish arms and smoothish appearance, was taken 
at several localities, in 938 to 1,467 fathoms. Its marginal plates are 
closely covered with small scale-like spinules, but bear no marginal 
spines. The disk is small and the arms long. It is sometimes over a 
foot in diameter. Another new and very elegant species of this genus 
(A. formosus V.) was taken sparingly at several stations, in 1,467 to 
1,608 fathoms. This species has a rather broad, flat, pentagonal disk, 
with large, distinct, hexagonal paxille, while the arms rapidly narrow 
and have only one or two rows of paxillz distally. Their tips are slen- 
der and terminate in a thickened apical plate. There are no marginal 
spines. 
A very interesting new form, taken in many localities, is related 
to Archaster and Astropecten, closely resembling some of the spinose 
species of these genera in general appearance. It represented a new 
genus (Benthopecten spinosus V.). The flat dorsal surface is closely cov- 
ered with tesselated, angular plates, having single, definite, small pores 
for solitary branchial papule between them, while there are no true 
paxille, the small spinules arising singly, or two or three together, 
directly from the plates. The marginal plates, above and below, bear 
single large, sharp spines, the five largest ones occupying the central 
interbrachial plates, on the upper margin. The disk is of moderate or 
rather small size, but the arms are long and tapered. It occurred in 
$55 to 1,917 fathoms, in 1883, but is most abundant in 1,200 to 1,500 
fathoms. 
Among the most interesting of all the star-fishes were two species of 
the remarkable genus Brisinga. One of these (Bb. elegans V.), taken in 
many localities in 1883 and 1884, in 906 to 2,021 fathoms, sometimes in 
large numbers, has often been obtained and preserved nearly entire. 
It is a handsome species with very long, slender, finely-tapered arms, 
usually eleven or twelve in number, but varying from nine to thirteen. 
*TIn one case I also found in its stomach a fresh specimen of the common surface 
barnacle (Lepas anatifer), which is often found in large numbers attached to floating 
timber, &c., in the Gulf Stream. This Zepas unquestionably sank to the bottom and 
was swallowed by the star-fish (living at the depth of 1,395 fathoms) before decompo- 
sition had begun. This illustrates well the dependence of the deep-sea life on the 
surfaee fauna. 
