[11] ALBATROSS EXPLORATIONS. 513 
noa lepadifera, thus accurately fixing one of its localities. It is often 
brought in by the Gloucester fishermen. 
Among the Alcyonacea there were a few interesting forms. One of 
these, Anthomastus grandiflorus V. (fig. 12), grows somewhat in the form 
of a mushroom, with a broad, rounded top and a stout stem, which may 
either be attached to stones by a flat base, or penetrating the mud it 
may branch and divide into many curious little bulb-like expansions 
to form an anchorage. When full grown, it becomes large and hemi- 
spherical, often 4 to 5 inches broad, with a short, broad stem, while a 
number of very large, flower-like polyps are scattered over the top. 
Smaller specimens have but few of the large polyps, which are often an 
inch and a half across the tentacles, but there are many minute zodids 
on the surface between the polyps. Its color is dark red, or purplish 
red. It has been dredged in considerable numbers by the ‘Fish Hawk” 
in 410 to 458 fathoms, and by the “Albatross” in 858 to 1,395 fathoms. 
It was also obtained previously, of large size, by the Gloucester fisher- 
men, from the outer banks off Nova Scotia. More recently, it has been 
redescribed from the Norwegian coast under the name of Sareepk yton 
purpureum Kor. & Dan. 
There were also two large species allied to Alcyonium. One of the 
jatter (fig. 13), common in 1,290 to 1,608 fathoms, almost always starts 
on a joint of Lepidisis caryophyllia, but its thin expanding base, after sur- 
rounding the coral, descends deeply into the mud, in a hollow, bulb- 
like form, firmly inclosing a ball of mud for an anchorage, a habit simi- 
lar to that of severai of the large Actinians. 
There are several species of cup-corals living in deep water off our 
northern coast. Several of these are large and handsome species. 
The largest and most common, which we have also taken in considera- 
ble numbers every year on the “ Fish Hawk,” in 164 to 787 fathoms, is 
Flabellum Goodei V (fig.14). It hasa strongly compressed form, often with 
flat sides, and is very fragile. Large specimens are often 3 or 4 inches 
across the longest diameter. The animal is orange, with the lips and 
tentacles purplish red or brown. A second species of Flabellum (F. 
angulatum Moseley, fig. 15) was taken last season. It is a beautiful spe- 
cies, with a broad, cup-shaped calicle, somewhat hexagonalin outline. It 
was dredged several times this year, in 906 to 1,467 fathoms, and was 
originally discovered by the “Challenger,” off Nova Scotia. The third 
species is a handsome coral (Caryophyllia communis, fig. 16) of which a 
number of fine, large, living specimens were dredged in 1,098 to 1,106 
fathoms. It is narrow, cup-shaped at summit, but terminates in a 
rather acute base, which is turned to one side more or less decidedly. 
- It was originally described as a fossil from the Italian tertiary formation. 
Another very fragile cup-coral, interesting on account of its remarkable 
habit of restoring itself, after being broken, by budding out from every 
fragment, so that most of the specimens have a larger or smaller frag- 
H. Mis. 67 ——33 
