2 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



generally tubular and neuter or (very rarely) female, or (whicli is 

 only the ease in exotic species) where the florets of the disk are 

 male, those of the ray are ligulate and female. Style thickened 

 below the point where it divides into two branches, the thickened 

 part often hairy. Leaves and phyllaries often spinous ; pericline 

 usually globose or ovoid. 



Tribe I.— CAEDUINE^. 



Plorets all tubular and perfect, each one not surrounded by 

 an involucel (rarely the anthodes are subdioecious by abortion). 

 Anthers without basal appendages. Pappus of hairs united at the 

 base, and falling off without separating from each other. 



GENUS I.—O NOPORDUM. Linn. 



Pericline of numerous imbricated entire phyllaries, with a 

 bayonet-shaped point ending in a spine. Plorets all equal, per- 

 fect. Pilaments free and glabrous ; anthers notched at the base, 

 with two acute lobes at the base, and furnished at the summit with 

 a linear-subulate appendage. Achenes obovate-ovoid, subtetragonal, 

 laterally compressed, transversely rugose ; epigynous disk small, 

 not bordered. Pappus caducous, consisting of rough hairs, 

 arranged in several rows, and united into a ring at the base. 

 Clinanth fleshy, pitted, but without hairs, the pits surrounded by 

 an elevated dentate margin. 



Large herbs, generally biennial, with branched stems or rarely 

 acaulescent. Leaves pinnately lobed or toothed, with the lobes 

 or teeth spinous, generally decurrent on the stem, which thus 

 becomes winged, with the wings spinous-dentate. Pericline large, 

 sub-globose, spiny. Plowers purple or purplish-rose, varying to 

 white. 



The name of this genus comes from the Greek ■word ovoq (onos), an ass, and 

 TTtpcw (j)erdo), I disperse wind, and the species are said to produce this effect in asses. 



SPECIES I.— ONO FOR DUM ACANTHIUM. Linn. 



Plate DCLXXX. 

 Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXIII. 



Stem erect, branched, winged to the top. Leaves decurrent 

 on the stem, sinuate, spinous, whitish-arachnoid on both sides. 

 Pericline globular, arachnoid, especially towards the base. Phyl- 



