8 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



sinuate-pinnatifid ; stem-leaves deeply doubly-pinnatifid, spinous, 



the upper ones narrower. Anthodes aggregated at the extremity 



of the stem and branches, rarely solitary, with leaves generally 



in their immediate vicinity, erect. Pericline subglobular-ovoid, 



rounded at the base, slightly arachnoid ; phyllaries adpressed, 



strapshaped-subulate, spinous-pointed. Pappus of silky hairs, not 



.plumose. 



Var. a, genuinus. Gr. & Godr. 



Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Yol. XY. Tab. DCCCLXXX. Fig. 1. 

 Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 460. 



Leaves hoary-pubescent beneath. Anthodes aggregated. Peri- 

 cline sub-globular. 



Var. j3, polyanthemos. Godr. 



Reich. Ic. I. c, Fig. 2. 



C. polyanthemos, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. i. p. 401. 



0. multiflorus, Godet, Fl. Hel. Yol. Y. p. 166. 



Leaves green on both sides, pubescent on the veins. Anthodes 

 aggregated. Pericline ovoid. 



Var. 7, litigiosus. Gr. & Godr. 



Reich. 1. c, Tab. DCCCXXIII. 



Billot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 2695. 



C. acanthoides, Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 459. 



C. polyacanthos, Schreh. Fl. Lips. p. 15, 



Leaves green on both sides, pubescent on the veins beneath. 

 Anthodes sub-solitary. Pericline sub-globular. 



In hedge-banks, borders of fields, and by roadsides. Common, 

 and generally distributed in England ; less so in Scotland, and 

 absent from the extreme North of that country. Var. y less 

 abundant than the other forms. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Biennial. Late Summer 

 and Autumn. 



Stem erect, 1 to 4 feet high, branched, with the branches 

 ascending, with narrow but very spinous wings, the upper portion 

 at least pubescent. Leaves resembling those of 0. nutans, but 

 generally broader. Anthodes very variable in size, smallest when 

 most numerously aggregated. Pericline f to f inch across, and 

 f to f long, with the phyllaries rough at the edges, the inner ones 

 sub-scarious, and purplish at the point, rather shorter than the 

 florets. Elorets purplish-crimson. Achenes brownish fawn-colour, 

 shining, with rather indistinct longitudinal striae, finely shagreen ed 

 all over ; central tubercle prominent, indistinctly 5-lobed. Plant 



