12 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



or simple in the upper ones. Pericline IJ to 2 inches across 

 or more, and of about the same length ; phyllaries ciliated with 

 reddish curled hairs on the point, which is reddish or green. 

 Elowers light reddish-purple. Anthers dark-purple. Style white. 

 Achenes yellowish-grey mottled with, black, shining, smooth, with 

 a small rounded tubercle in the centre of the disk. Pappus very 

 long, of feathery hairs. Plant deep dull-green, pericline and under 

 ^ side of the leaves hoary with arachnoid pubescence. 



Sometimes the points of the phyllaries are destitute of spines. 



Woolly -headed Thistle. 



French, Cirse Laineux. German, Wolhopfige Kratzdistel. 



This Thistle is eaten when young as a salad. The young stalks, peeled and 

 soaked in water to take off the bitterness, are excellent, and may be either boiled or 

 baked in pies, after the manner of rhubarb. The scales of the cup are as good as arti- 

 chokes. These properties in the Woolly-headed Thistle must be of recent discovery, 

 for, to our surprise, we find our old friend Gerarde without a single suggestion as to 

 their value. Contrary to his usual wont, he says : " Concerning the temperature and 

 vertues of these thistles we can alledge nothing at all." 



Section II.— ONOTPtOPHE. Cass. 



Plowers jjolygamo-dioecious or sub-dioecious or all (?) perfect. 

 Leaves without spines on the upper surface, but generally with 

 distant hairs. 



SPECIES VI.— CARDU US PALUSTRIS. Linn. 



Plate DCLXXXVIII. 



Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCCXXXI. 



Billot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 1016. 



Cirsium palustre, Scop. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 453. Gr. & Godr. 



Fl. de Fr. Vol. II. p. 212. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. p. 4, 

 Cnicus palustris, Willd. Hook & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 236. 



Biennial. Stem elongated, branched, spinous-winged. Radical 

 leaves narrowly oblanceolate, petiolate, crenate lobed, bristly- 

 spinous at the margins; stem-leaves decurrent, undulated, deeply 

 pinnatifid, with the lobes usually bifid or trifid and spinous- 

 toothed, with scattered hairs above, and more or less thinly 

 arachnoid beneath. Anthodes sub - sessile, aggregated at the 

 extremity of the stem and branches. Pericline ovoid, slightly 

 arachnoid; phyllaries adpressed, lanceolate, the outer ones mu- 

 cronate, the inner ones longer, strapshaped, subscarious and not 

 spinous. Pappus plumose. 



