COMPOSITE. 15 



In moist meadows. E/ather rare ; not extending North of 

 York, Shropshire, and North Wales. 



England, Ireland. Perennial. Late Summer 

 and Autumn. 



E/Ootstock short, oblique, with the radical fibres generally- 

 slender, but sometimes, though very rarely, they are nearly as much 

 thickened as in C. tuberosus. Stem erect, 6 inches to 2 feet high, 

 generally simple, or with one or two branches, with few leaves, and 

 these mostly below the middle of the stem. Leaves generally undi- 

 vided, merely toothed along the edge, but sometimes the divisions 

 between the teeth extend half-way down or more, so that the leaf 

 becomes pinnatifid : the lobes then are sometimes much angulated, 

 though, in all the specimens I have seen, with much shorter second- 

 ary lobes than those of C. tuberosus. The stem-leaves have much 

 broader auricled bases than those of C. tuberosus, and all are much 

 more arachnoid-floccose beneath. The periclines are more arach- 

 noid, their outer scales more acuminated, and the inner with longer 

 and narrower points. The flowers are of the same dark purplish- 

 crimson. Corolla and achenes also similar to those of C. tuberosus. 

 The whole plant is, however, softer and of a lighter green, and the 

 leaves are much whiter beneath than in any of the preceding species. 



Meadoio- Thistle. 



French, Cirse des Pres, ou a Angleterre. German, Englische Kratzdistel. 



SPECIES IX.— CARDU US HETEROPHYLLUS. Linn. 



Plate DCXCI. 



Reich. Ic. El. Germ, et Helv. Yol. XV. Tab. DCCCXXXVIII. 



Billot, El. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 2493. 



Cirsium heterophyllurn, ^W. Koch, Sjn. El. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 456. Fries, ^uxn. 



Veg. Scand. p. 5. Gr. & Godr. El. de Er. Vol. II. p. 222. 

 Cnicus heterophyllus, Willd. Hook, k Am. Brit. El. ed. viii. p. 237. 



Perennial. Uootstock stoloniferous, with slender cylindrical 

 fibres. Stem erect, simple or slightly branched, not winged. 

 Radical leaves stalked, elliptical - lanceolate, finely dentate and 

 spinous-ciliate ; stem-leaves sessile, amplexicaul, the upper ones 

 enlarged at the base, with rounded auricles, generally undivided, 

 but the lower stem-leaves are sometimes finely dentate, more 

 rarely laciniate-pinnatifid with the segments pinnatifid and point- 

 ing towards the apex of the leaf, upper ones entire ; all flaccid ; 

 not undulated, setose-ciliate, and cottony-white beneath. Anthodes 

 without floral leaves at the base, solitary at the extremity of the 

 stem and branches, rarely 2 or 3 aggregated at the extremity of 

 the main stem. Pericline glabrous, ovate-globose, depressed at 



