16 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



the base ; phyllaries 1-nerved, adpressed, lanceolate-strapshaped, 

 the outer ones mucronate, the inner ones sub-scarious. Pappus 

 plumose. 



In moist pastures and by the sides of streams in upland districts. 

 Rather rare. Confined to the middle and North of England and 

 Scotland, where it is more common. 



England, Scotland. Perennial. Late Summer 

 * and Autumn. 



E-ootstock creeping, and producing short runner-like stolons ter- 

 minated by a tuft of leaves. Stem stout, 18 inches to 4 feet high, 

 generally simple but sometimes slightly branched, deeply furrowed, 

 nearly leafless above the middle, arachnoid - floccose, . especially 

 towards the top. Radical leaves often very large, finely dentate ; 

 stem-leaves narrow, very acute, the lowest ones narrowed towards 

 the base, but all the others with the base broad and auricled : above 

 this part the leaf is slightly contracted, and again enlarged about 

 or below the middle. Pericline f to 1 inch across by about 1 inch 

 long ; phyllaries green, the outer ones tipped with purplish-olive, 

 the inner with dull-purple. Elowers crimson-purple ; florets much 

 exceeding the phyllaries, limb slightly shorter than the tube. 

 Achenes small, obovate - cylindrical, fawn - colour, smooth, often 

 abortive. Pappus very long, dirty-white, strongly plumose. Leaves 

 deep dull-green above, white beneath. 



Melancholy TJiistle. 



French, Cirse d, Feuilles variables. German, Verschiedenblattrige Kratzdistel. 



This Thistle is the Cluas an fheidh of the Highlanders, which is said by some to 

 have been tlie oi-igiual badge of the house of Stuart, instead of the Cotton-Thistle. 

 The Thistle has long been the emblem of Scotland, as the Rose is of England and the 

 Shamrock of Ireland. 



SPECIES X.—CARDU US A CAUL IS. Linn. 



Plate DCXCII. DCXCII. {his). 



Reich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Yol. XV. Tab. DCCCXL. 



Billot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 1018. 



Cirsium acaule, All. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, et Helv. ed. ii. p. 457. Gr. & Godr. Fl, de 



Fr. Vol. II. p. 224. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. p. 5. 

 Cnicus acaulis, Willd. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 238. 



Perennial. Rootstock short, with slender radical fibres. Stem 

 very short, often almost none, more rarely elongated and branched, 

 woolly with articulated hairs. Leaves rigid, greatly undulated, 

 pinnatifid with the lobes 3- or 4-cleft, spinous and spinous-ciliate : 

 when the stem is elongated (PI. DCXCII. his) the lower leaves 

 are stalked and the upper ones much smaller and less divided, not 



