18 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



arachnoid at the apex, terminated by a very short spreading spine ; 

 inner ones lanceolate, acuminate, sub-scarious, not spinous, with a 

 small scarious entire or denticulated appendage. Pappus plumose. 



Var. a, genuinus. 

 Plate DCXCIII. 



Leaves undulated, semi-amplexicaul, and occasionally slightly 

 decurrent, pinnatifid or deeply sinuated, with the lobes triangular, 

 spinous, dentate, and terminated by a strong spine, generally more 

 or less arachnoid, hairy beneath. Anthodes sub-corymbose. 



Var. /3, setosiis. 

 Plate DCXCIY. 

 Cirsium setosum, M. Bieb. Fl. Tauric. Cauc. Vol. III. p. 561. 



Leaves flat, not undulated, amplexicaul, nor at all decurrent, 

 very faintly sinuated or the upper ones nearly entire, spinous- 

 ciliate with the spines weak, glabrous beneath. Anthodes sub- 

 paniculate. 



In cultivated fields and waste places. Very common, and 

 generally distributed. Var. i3 not native, but found about Culross, 

 not far from Dunfermline, Eife ; it has also been found about 

 Battersea, Hartlepool, and at Kirkwall, Orkney. 



England, Scotland, Ireland. Perennial. Late Summer 

 and Autumn. 



Rootstock creeping very extensively, and sending up leafy barren 

 shoots and flowering-stems 1 to 3 feet high. Leaves of the barren 

 shoots and those at the base of the flowering-stem attenuated and 

 sub-petiolate, elliptical, less deeply lobed than the stem-leaves ; stem- 

 leaves sub-amplexicaul with strong spines at the margins. Anthodes 

 rather shortly stalked, so as to be somewhat aggregated at the 

 extremity of the stem and branches, most of them arranged in 

 an irregular corymb. Pericline of the male flowers about \ inch 

 each way, of the female f inch long by ^ inch broad ; outer phyl- 

 laries short, and terminated by a minute weak spine, the inner 

 ones with a slightly dilated scarious appendage, very much shorter 

 than the phyllary itself. Elowers pale-purple ; florets a little 

 longer than the inner phyllaries, and with the tube much longer 

 than the limb. Anthers short and imperfect in the sub-female 

 plant, the ovary abortive in the male with the pappus short and not 

 lengthening after flowering. Achenes dark-brown, smooth. Pappus 

 brownish-white, very long, silky. Plant bright-green, the leaves 

 often white beneath, but varying much in this respect. 



