36 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



SPECIES Y.— CENT AURE A ASPERA. Linn. 



Plate DCCX. 



Beich. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XV. Tab. DCCXCIX. Fig. 2. 

 BUlot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. N"o. 1244. 



C. Isnardi, Linn. Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 2256. Bah. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. ii. p. 189. 

 Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 241. 



,« 



Lower leaves oblanceolate, dentate or pinnatifid, generally sub- 

 lyrate ; upper leaves strapshaped or lanceolate, dentate or nearly 

 entire, not decurrent. Anthodes solitary, glabrous, with a few 

 leaves in their immediate vicinity. Pericline ovate-globular, gla- 

 brous or very slightly arachnoid ; phyllaries coriaceous, with the 

 appendages spreading, palmate, with 3 to 5 nearly equal spines 

 much shorter than the phyllaries. Plorets pale-purple, the barren 

 ones of the ray not longer than the fertile ones. Pappus about as 

 Ions? as the acliene. 



In waste places and borders of fields. Very rare. A few plants 

 occur along the side of a wall at Vazon Bay, Guernsey. 



Channel Islands. Perennial. Summer and Autumn. 



Stem ascending, 1 to 3 feet high, much branched. Leaves very 

 variable in outline, the lower ones attenuated into a petiole, which 

 is semiamplexicaul at the base, upper ones sessile or amplexicaul. 

 Pericline oval-globose, -^^ to f inch across ; phyllaries with the appen- 

 dages cut into divaricate reddish spines ^ to :^ inch long, which pro- 

 ject outwards. Achenes whitish. Pappus of white hairs about half 

 as long as the achene. Plant dull-green, sparingly hairy ; the upper 

 part of the stem slightly arachnoid pubescent. 



The form with the upper leaves amplexicaul has been considered 

 distinct, and believed to be the C. Isnardi of Linnaeus ; but he says 

 (Sp. PL 1295) that his plant is perhaps a mere variety or hybrid 

 offspring of C. pullata, a species totally unlike C. aspera. 



Hough Star-thistle. 



French, Centauree Rude. 



Section IV.— CALCITRAPA. Koch. 



Phyllaries with adpressed or spreading corneous appendages, 

 terminating in a stout spine, with smaller spines upon it at the 

 base, not decurrent upon the phyllaries. 



