196 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



specimens in Mr. Borrer's Herbarium at Kew, from Bath, and from 

 the walls of Chichester. 



England. Perennial. Autumn. 



Stem 1 to 3 feet high, hollow. Primary radical leaves small, 

 secondary ones larger and more acute, all marbled with purplish- 

 black, harsh on the upper surface from the stiffness of the hairs, 

 and frequently with a few stellate hairs. Anthodes about the size 

 of those of H. murorum, from which the plant chiefly differs in 

 havi]]g the base of the leaves more or less aitenuated into the 

 petioles, the lamina narrower, the teeth pointing forwards, the hairs 

 on the upper surface much coarser and distinctly bulbous-based, 

 the texture thicker, the upper part of the stem, peduncles, and 

 phyllaries with more stellate down, and the pericline more con- 

 tracted towards the top after flowering. 



Smith appears to have confounded with the plant he has de- 

 scribed as H. maculatum, spotted varieties of H. pallidum : the 

 Craig Breidden plant mentioned by him no doubt belonging to that 

 species. Mr. James Bladon, in an article on H. maculatum, in 

 " Phytol." Ser. I. Vol. I. p. 934, has totally misapprehended Smith's 

 species, evidently mistaking for it a form of H. vulgatum with a 

 very leafy stem and evanescent root-leaves, as is shown by his spe- 

 cimens ; this is an error in which, strange to say, he has been fol- 

 lowed by Mr. Backhouse and Professor Babington. Mr. Backhouse 

 names specimens of the H. maculatum of " English Botany " and 

 of Smith's Herbarium (with which the description in the " English 

 Elora" agrees) — "H. sylvaticum, var. nemorosum." 



H. maculatum can be considered distinct from H. vulgatum 

 only as a sub-species, but it comes up true from seed : it has been 

 cultivated by Mr. H. C. Watson for a long period, and I have my- 

 self raised it from seed for several years, without its undergoing 

 any alteration, so that it deserves quite as well to be kept distinct 

 as many of the species separated by Mr. Backhouse. 



Spotted Sawhweed, 



SPECIES XXVII.— HIE R A CI UM VULGATUM. Frks. 



Plate DCCCL. 



Rdch. Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Vol. XIX. Tabs. MDXXYI. MDXXVII. Fig. 1. 

 Back Mon. Hier. p. 61. Bah. Man. Brit. Bot. ed. v. p. 206. Fries, Sum. Veg. Scand. 



p. 98. 

 H. sylvaticum, Sm. Eng. Bot. No. 2031. Hook. & Am. Brit. Fl. ed. viii. p. 228. 



Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. II. p. 375. 



Stem scape-like or leafy, corymbosely or paniculato-corym- 

 bosely branched at the apex, sub-glabrous or clothed with soft 

 woolly hairs towards the base, with more or less stellate down 

 in the upper part and on the peduncles, and the latter sometimes 



