112 ENGLISH BOTANY. 



reads to us more like one to a dessert than a dinner, and would include fruit and sweet- 

 meats. He says : " Nay, you shall see mine orchard, where, in an arbour, we will eat 

 a l^Bt year's pippin of my own grafting, with a dish of caraways, and so forth." 



Parkinson tells us that the roots of the Caraway are excellent boiled, and are 

 better eating than parsnips ; they are still eaten in northern Europe. The young 

 leaves form a good salad, and the larger ones a useful vegetable. The plant is 

 cultivated largely in Suffolk and Essex, where it is ustially grown from seed with 

 coriander or teazles, or with both. The produce of Caraway on very rich old leys, on 

 the low lands of Essex, has often been 20 cwt. to the acre. There is always a demand 

 for the fruits in the London market. 



SPECIES III.— C A RUM BULB O CAST ANUM. Koch. 



Plate DLXXXIII. 



JieicL Ic. Fl. Germ, et Helv. Yol. XXI. Tab. 1874. 

 Jnilot, Fl. Gall, et Germ. Exsicc. No. 3394. 



Bnnium Bulbocastanum, Linn. Sin. Eng. Bot. Na 28G2, and Bah. Man. Brit. Bot. 

 ed. V. p. 145. Gr. & Godr. Fl. de Fr. Vol. I. p. 730. 



Rootstock an irregularly sub-globular tuber. Radical leaves 1 or 

 2, deltoid in outline, ternately bipinnate, with the segments strap- 

 shaped or elliptical-strapshaped, all in one plane; stem-leaves 

 numerous. Involucre and involucels of numerous linear strap- 

 shaped leaves. Cremocarp not attenuated towards the apex ; 

 interstices with a single vitta ; styles reflexed ; stylopods tumid. 



In chalky fields. Rare. In Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire, 

 where it is rather plentiful on arable land near Cherry llinton. 

 Also reported from the counties of Middlesex and Bedford, but the 

 first of these seems a very doubtful locality. 



England. Perennial. Summer. 



Rootstock fleshy-farinaceons, with an irregular deep-brown ex- 

 terior, varying from tlie size of a small nut to that of a walnut. Stem 

 very slender where it leaves the rootstock, gradually enlarging in 

 size, and usually twisted between the deeply buried rootstock and the 

 surface of the ground, from whence it is erect, G inches to 2 feet high, 

 slightly branched in a corymbose manner. Radical leaves on long 

 stalks, Avliich arc twisted between the rootstock and the surface of 

 the ground, the lower pair of pinna) rather remote from and 

 much larger than the others, the pinnae wedge-shaped or rliom- 

 boidal, cut into rather short segments ; stem-leaves similar, but 

 with short stalks, dilated at the base or in the upper ones through- 

 out. Umbels regular, of numerous rays, f to 1-J inch long; 

 umbellules many-flowered, with the rays -J^ to ^ inch long. Invo- 

 lucre and involucels with the leaves herbaceous with scarious 

 margins, those of the involucels about as long as their rays. 

 Elowers -^ inch across, white, slightly radiant. Petals obcordate, 



