62 MADREPORARIA, 
by Quoy and Gaimard at Tongatabu, the specimen is preserved in the Paris Museum. This 
is the form understood by Dana as M. pocillifera. 
The Barrier Reef specimens referred doubtfully to var. incrassata are difficult to separate 
from some specimens of M. millepora in case the lip is short and thick. 
Pacific Ocean: Great-Barrier Reef, New Hebrides, Fiji, Tongatabu, Tahiti. 
a-c. Api, New Hebrides. H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ 86. 12. 9. 227, 228 & 413. 
d, e. Tongatabu. H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ 80. 11. 25. 231 (part). 
f. Port Denison. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 24. 
g. Lady Elbott Island. Sayille-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 215. 
h. Baudin Is., N.W. Australia. H.M.S. ‘ Penguin.’ 92. 1. 16. 6 (part). 
Var. incrassata. 
a, Fiji Reefs. H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ 86. 12. 9. 231. (=WM. lava, Quelch.) 
6. Tahiti. H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ 91. 9.9.3. (=M. laxa, Quelch.) 
?c-f. Rocky Island. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 25 to 27 & 30. 
?g. Green Island. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 28. 
?h. Low Woody Island. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 29. 
43. Madrepora aspera. 
Madrepora aspera, Dana, Zoophytes, p. 468, pl. xxxviii. fig. 1; M.-Edwards & Haime, Coralliaires, 
t. iii. p. 142; Studer, MB. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1878, p. 533; Quelch, ‘ Challenger’ Reef Corals, 
p. 156; Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, vol. x. p. 12. 
? Madrepora prostrata, Quelch (non Dana), ‘ Challenger’ Reef Corals, p. 163. 
The following is a summary of Dana’s description : — 
Corallum arborescent, spreading, ramose ; branches terete, 12 mm. thick, summits conical 
and proliferous. Corallum quite porous, surface scabrous ; axial corallite nearly 3 mm. diameter, 
a little prominent; the radial short labellate, fragile, divaricate, not crowded, many obsolete ; 
cells quite large, the immersed ones below, 1 mm. broad. Star very short-rayed, the directive 
septa prominent. The species was described from a fragment 7-5 em. in length. 
The ‘ Challenger’ specimens referred by Quelch to this species appear properly identified, 
but as they differ in several points from Dana’s definition, a description of them is sub- 
joined :— 
Corallum arborescent or bushy, about 21 cm. high; main branches 1'4 cm. diameter, 
much divided, branches scarcely tapering, and maintaining a diameter of over 1 cm. 
to within 3 or 4 cm. of the apex. Extremities much divided, many of the branchlets 
bear proliferations near the apex. Axial corallites 2°5 to 3°5 mm. diameter, about 2 mm. 
exsert ; wall usually thick and porous, strongly costate, but often with large deep funnel- 
shaped cup, as in M. pocillifera, but smaller. Radial corallites crowded, especially above, 
lahellate, spreading at right angles; lip broad, half-tubular in the larger corallites, narrower 
and more pointed in the others. Maximum length of corallites which remain radial 2 mm., 
breadth of lip 2 mm., but the majority are smaller; a few immersed corallites are scattered 
