130 MADREPORARIA. 
of the apex of each branchlet. The prominent corallites are 2 to3 mm. long and 2 to 2°5 mm. 
diameter. About 2°5 cm. below the apex the majority of the corallites are immersed, and the 
scattered prominent ones have the outer part of the wall convex; 5 cm. below the apex all 
are immersed. The star of the prominent corallites consists of a moderately developed pri- 
mary series of septa, the directives being rather broader than the others; in the older ones a 
second cycle is more or less fully represented, but is not complete. The immersed cells, 
which are very numerous, rarely exceed 0°7 mm. in diameter; those in the lines of fusion are 
distinctly smaller; the septa have a similar relative development to that which obtains in the 
prominent corallites, but the directive septa are distinctly stouter. Corallum porous ; surface 
strongly echinulate and granular ; wall striato-echinulate. 
Two specimens in the Saville-Kent Collection are more closely related to this species 
than to any other which has come under my notice, but differ from the type in several 
points. There are no branchlets on the under surface ; the radial corallites are not so 
unequal, very few are immersed, and the wall is not usually rounded at the margin ; also the 
septa in the prominent corallites are not nearly so prominent, so that no distinct star is 
recognizable. These specimens in some respects recall the characters of M. decipiens. 
The position of the species is uncertain. 
Indo-Pacific Ocean: Ramesvaram, ? Great-Barrier Reef area. 
a. Ramesvaram. Madras Museum. ('l'ype.) 
2b. Rocky Island. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 199. 
?e. Low Woody Island. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 307. 
D. Corallum incrusting, without proper branches. 
130. Madrepora monticulosa. (Plate XIV. fig. A.) 
Madrepora monticulosa, Briiggemann, Phil. Trans. 1879, vol. clxviii. p. 576. 
Corallum incrusting and unifacial ; surface covered for the greater part of its extent with 
large, stout, rounded, subconical prominences, 1°5 to 3 cm. high and 1‘7 to 2°7 em. broad. 
Axial corallites 8 mm. diameter, thick-walled, only slightly exsert; sometimes several 
corallites on one cone become thickened and simulate the axial one; septa narrow, primaries 
subequal, second series more or less rudimentary. Radial corallites much crowded, very 
short, sublabellate, or nearly tubiform with the inner part of the wall incomplete ; equal on 
the cones, but a little unequal in size, mixed with a few immersed ones, on the plain parts of 
the corallum ; diameter usually 1°5 mm. (Briiggemann gives 2 mm.), length about the same ; 
wall thin, excepting in the upper part of the cones, where it gradually becomes thickened (0°5 
to 0°7 mm.), and in many cases the aperture becomes circular; septa very narrow, sometimes 
only the directives are recognizable. Corallum dense ; surface spongy-echinulate ; wall finely 
costulate and echinulate. 
A small specimen from the Capricorn Islands agrees closely with the smaller incrustmg 
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