MADREPORA. 145 
majority are subimmersed or immersed with an aperture of 2 mm.; between these a number 
of stout, prominent, proliferous corallites occur, 4 to 15 mm. long; a few form branchlets 
7 cm. in length, and are again proliferous. The wall is extremely porous and reticulate, 
scarcely striate. 
Indian Ocean: Red Sea, Maldive Islands, Ceylon. 
a. Galle, Ceylon. Dr. Ondaatje [P.]. 83. 4. 26. 2. 
6. Maldive Islands. Colonial Exhibition. 86, 11. 22. 1. (Var. spongiosa.) 
B. Branches stout and usually acervate, sometimes with more than one axial corallite. 
Radial corallites appressed ; wall thick and margin rounded. 
149. Madrepora humilis. 
Madrepora humilis, Dana, Zoophytes, p. 483, pl. xli. fig. 4, pl. xxxi. fig. 4; M.-Edwards & Haime, 
Coralliaires, t. iii. p. 147 ; Rathbun, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, vol. x. p. 16. 
Corallum low, fruticose, spreading and short, stout, ramose, subproliferous; branches 
terete, obtuse, 12 to 16 mm. thick. Axial corallites 4 to 4°5 mm. diameter, scarcely exsert. 
Radial corallites equal and even, somewhat crowded (Dana’s figure shows them rather distant), 
very stout, neat nariform, 2 mm. diameter, becoming less prominent below ; aperture oblong. 
Star scarcely distinct, the directive septa prominent and nearly meeting below. (Dana.) 
Rathbun records another specimen 24 cm. broad and 11 em. high. The base is much 
thickened, the longest branch being only 6°5 cm. and the stoutest 1°8 em. thick. 
The fragments in the Saville-Kent Collection consist of very blunt asparagus-like branches, 
very closely covered with echinulate plates, which give a glaucous appearance on the surface. 
The radial corallites are narrow, appressed, subnariform, and usually quite isolated, as shown 
in Dana’s figure, but in one specimen they are rather crowded. The branches are 2 cm. 
thick and 9 to 14 em. long, little divided, except near the apex. Axial corallites 5 to 6 mm. 
diameter, hemispherical. Radial corallites on the distal parts stouter than those below, 
hemicotyloid, nariform or cochleariform, with thick wall and rounded margin, appressed 
above; but many are wart-like and suberect towards the base ; length 2 to 3 mm., diameter 
15 to 3 mm., average about 2mm. The star usually consists of 6 septa, the directives 
stouter and broader than the others ; sometimes they bear lateral processes. 
Fiji Islands ; Great-Barrier Reef. 
a, 6. Palm Island. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 58 & 59. 
c. Adolphus Island. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 239. 
150. Madrepora brueggemanni. (Plate XXIV. and Plate XXXV. fig. E.) 
Madrepora lava, Briggemann (non Lamarck), Abh. naturw. Ver. Bremen, 1877, Bd. v. p. 044; Studer, 
Mitth. naturf. Ges. Bern, 1880, p. 18; Ortmann, Zool. JB. 18588, Bd. iii. p. 149. 
Madrepora acervata, Studer (non Dana), Mitth. naturf. Ges. Bern, 1880, p. 22. 
? Madrepora pelewensis, Rehberg, Abhand. nat. Ver. Hamburg, 1892, Bd. xii. p. 41, pl. mi. fig. 11. 
