182 MADREPORARIA. 
upper surface of the main divisions bears a few swollen appressed corallites with a pro- 
minent star, but these are absent from the under surface, which is provided only with 
tubular twigs. Corallum moderately porous; surface and wall of the corallites closely 
clothed with elongate slender echinulations. 
Ortmann (loc. cit.) expressed his doubt as to the identity of the specimen with 
M. longicyathus, M.-Edwards & Haime. It was received through the Museum of Com- 
parative Zoology, and I therefore presume is the species referred to in Verrill’s paper 
quoted above. 
The form of the tubo-nariform corallites and the elongate tubular ones with buds near 
the apex distinguish this species from others of the subgenus. 
Singapore (Strassburg Museum). 
195. Madrepora orientalis. 
Madrepora rosaria, Ortmann (non Dana), Zool. JB. 1888, Bd. iii. p. 150. 
Corallum cespitose or cespito-arborescent. In the cespitose variety the colony is 15 cm. 
high and 23 cm. broad; in the other the height is 28 em. and the breadth 18 to 20cm. The 
branches and branchlets are much divided and very crowded ; the main branches are 1 cm. 
thick or a little over, and 10 cm. long in the cespitose colony, and bear numerous short, 
proliferous twigs near the base, and more elongate and less spreading ones above, up to 
2:5 cm., or in some cases 4°5 cm. long. At the margin of the colony the branches are 1 cm. 
thick and spread horizontally. Axial corallites 3 to 3°5 mm. diameter, 1 to 2 mm. exsert, 
wall thick and firm, margin only slightly rounded. The radial corallites are arranged at an 
angle of about 30° to 35°; the majority are tubular, thick-walled, and a little compressed at 
first, 3 to 5 mm. long and 2 to 2°5 mm. thick, margin a little rounded ; many of these bear two 
or three bud-corallites ; others are wide nariform or short labellate ; lower down, the majority 
are hemicotyloid, often a little dilated, and pass gradually mto immersed ones with an 
aperture of 1mm. Star of the radial corallites imperfect, but the directive septa are more or 
less prominent, the others rudimentary. Corallum dense, but somewhat reticulate in section ; 
surface dense and finely echinulate, covered in parts with a spongy film; wall finely and 
closely echinulate, not striate. 
Pacifie Ocean: Fiji, Ponapé (Strassburg Museum). 
C. Main branches complanate and reticulate, with erect twigs on the upper surface. 
196. Madrepora confraga. 
Madrepora confraga, Quelch, ‘ Challenger’ Reef Corals, p. 159, pl. ix. fig. 6. 
The following is a description of the type specimen :— 
Corallum extending horizontally; branches much divided, rarely coalescent. Main 
branch (?) a little compressed, 1°5 cm. thick, becoming divided into three or four branches 
