MADREPORA. 185 
The type of Lamarck does not appear to be preserved in the Paris Museum, and his 
description is too imperfect for purposes of identification. It is therefore uncertain whether 
Ehrenberg correctly identified Lamarck’s species. Ehrenberg’s specimen is preserved in the 
Berlin Museum, and is quite distinct from M. echidnea, Dana, which should probably be 
regarded as a synonym of M. rosacea, Esper. Ehrenberg’s species, for which the name is 
here retained, is closely related to M. echinata, Dana, but has shorter branchlets with less 
spreading corallites, which are also of smaller diameter. The specimen, which probably 
consists of only the apex of a colony, is 11 cm. long and 1 em. thick at the base. The radial 
tubular corallites and branchlets are very slender, a few are 1 em. long and simple or sub- 
simple, 15 mm. thick at the base and only 0°75 mm, at the apex; the majority are not over 
5 mm. long and 1 mm. thick at the base. Those constituting branchlets bear radial appressed 
tubular corallites which are scarcely free at the apex, but in twigs 1 em. long there may be 
one or two which spread at an angle of 30° to 40°. There are no immersed corallites on the 
main branches as in M. echinata, but instead numerous clusters of appressed tubular 
corallites occur, which vary from 1 to 3 mm. in length. The wall of the corallites is always 
rather thin at the apex ; the margin is not contracted, and the surface is dense and pitted, 
but not echinulate. The ccenenchyma is vermiform echinulate on the main divisions, and 
also at the bases of the longer branchlets. 
This species differs chiefly from M. echinata im the more slender axial corallites and the 
appressed radial ones. 
Habitat of the type specimens not recorded. 
? a. New Guinea. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 301. 
199. Madrepora echinata. 
Madrepora echinata, Dana, Zoophytes, p. 464, pl. xxxvi. fig. 1; M.-Edwards & Haime, Coralliaires, 
t. iii. p. 147,? pl. E11. fig. 4; Verrill, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 1864, vol. i. p. 41; Rathbun, Proce. 
U.S. Nat. Mus. 1887, vol. x. p. 15 (non Ortmann, Zool. JB. 1888, Bd. iii. p. 150; non Quelch, 
‘Challenger’ Reef Corals, p. 162). 
Madrepora durvillei, M.-Kdwards & Haime, Coralliaires, t. ili. p. 148 (non Ortmann, Zool. JB. 1888, 
Ba. iii. p. 151). 
Corallum erect arborescent, attaining 60 cm. in height. Stem 3 em. diameter near the 
base, terete, laxly branched; branches 8 to 24 ecm. long, 6 to 16 mm. thick, terete, slowly 
tapering and remaining stout to the apex; those up to 10 or 12 em. long usually remain 
undivided. The stem and branches are usually covered with innumerable short, branched 
ramiculi, 1 to 2°7 em. long, consisting of a cluster of elongate tubular corallites, simple or 
subdivided, radiating from a common trunk of very variable length. Adjoining ramiculi are 
subequal, and give to the corallum a bottle-brush appearance, about 6°5 cm. diameter below 
and 3 cm. above. Tubular corallites 0:4 to 2:4 em. long, occasionally remaining simple and 
curved when 2 cm. long or more, but the majority are spreadingly subdivided ; the sub- 
