MADREPORA. 187 
Var. rugosa. 
A specimen from the Banda Sea agrees with the types in habit, but the slender elongate 
corallites are more numerous and more spreading, often 8 to 10 mm. long and only 1 mm. 
diameter, not tapering. The wall is very thin and fragile, but quite strongly rugose and 
echinulate near the base; general surface pitted and armed with short erect plates fringed 
with delicate echinulations. 
Indo-Pacifie Ocean : Fiji, Banda Sea, ? Singapore. 
“a. South Seas. Purchased. 41. 12. 11. 1. 
6. Singapore ? Purchased. 39. 11. 11. 12. by 
c, Singapore ? Purchased. 43. 3. 6. 130. 
d. Fiji Reefs. H.M.S. ‘Challenger.’ 86.12.9. 243. (=WM. echinata, Quelch.) 
e. Fiji. F. M. Rayner, Esq. [P.]. 62. 2. 4. 33. 
Var. rugosa. 
a. Damma Is., Banda Sea. H.M.S.‘ Penguin.’ 92. 4. 5. 7. 
b. Aperture of axial corallites suddenly contracted. 
201. Madrepora longicyathus. 
Madrepora longicyathus, M.-Edwards & Haime, Coralliaires, t. iii. p. 148; ? non Verrill, Bull. Mus. 
Comp. Zool. 1864, vol. i. p. 41; Studer, Mitth. naturf. Ges. Bern, 1880, p. 19 (non MB. Akad. 
Wiss. Berlin, 1878, p. 531 ; non Ortmann, Zool. JB. 1888, Bd. ii. p. 150). 
? Madrepora proliva, Verrill, Proc. Essex Inst. 1866, vol. v. p. 22. 
Corallum erect, closely resembling that of M. echinata in habit, but provided with 
stouter branchlets and corallites. Main branches 2 em. diameter near the base, lateral 
branchlets 4 to 6 mm., sometimes flattened, length up to 2°6 cm.; the more simple ones 
consist of a single elongate corallite sometimes 1:2 cm. long. The longer branchlets usually 
bear one or more lateral, subalternate corallites, short nariform at first, but becoming tubular 
and more spreading with increase in size. The free extremity of a branch always consists of 
a more or less elongate tubular corallite, tapering a little towards the apex; about 7 mm. 
long, a little over 2 mm. diameter near the base, and 1-5 mm. at the apex ; aperture strongly 
contracted, with six septa of moderate breadth in all but the youngest corallites, directives 
a little broader. Corallum only slightly porous; surface finely echinulate, with a variable 
number of elongate and narrow pits. 
The above description is founded on the type specimens in the Paris Museum, The 
species differs from M. echinata in the strongly contracted aperture, the stouter branchlets 
and corallites, and in the absence of immersed corallites on the stem and main branches. 
a. New Guinea. Saville-Kent Coll. 92. 6. 8. 300. 
