2. RANA. if 
- Polypedates, sp., Tschudi, 1. c. p. 78; Giinth. 1. c. p. 77, 
Strongylopus, Tschudi, 1. c. p. 79. 
Pyxicephalus, Tschudi, 1. c. p. 83; Cope, 1. e. 
Pyxicephalus, sp., Dum. § Bibr. 1. c. p. 442. 
Limnodytes, Dum. § Bibr. 1. c. p. 510. - 
Pelophylax, Fitzing. Syst. Rept. i. p. 31. 
Tomopterna (Bibr.), Giinth. l. ¢. p. 7. 
Spheerotheca, Giinth. 7. c. p. 20. 
Ranula, Peters, Mon. Berl. Ac. 1859, p. 402, 
Dicroglossus, Giinth. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1860, p. 158; Cope, J. e. 
Hoplobatrachus, Peters, Mon, Berl. Ac. 1863, p. 449; Cope, 1. c. 
Staurois, sp., Cope, 1. ec. 
Amolops, Cope, /. ¢. 
Pohlia, Steindachn. Novara, Amph., p. 15. 
Pachybatrachus (non Keferstein), Mivart, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1868, 
Clinotarsus, Mivart, zbid. 1869, p. 227. 
Trypheropsis, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1868,p. 117. 
Maltzania, Boettger, Abhandl. Senck. Ges, xii. 1881, p, 417. 
Pupil horizontal. Tongue free and deeply notched behind?f. 
Vomerine teeth. Tympanum distinct or hidden. Fingers free ; toes 
webbed, with simple or dilated tips. Outer metatarsals separated 
by web. Omosternum and sternum with a strong bony style. 
Terminal phalanges acute, transversely dilated or T-shaped. 
Cosmopolitan, except the southern parts of South America and 
New Zealand ; one species from the extreme north of Australia. 
The study of the numerous species included here in Rana shows 
the impossibility of dividing them into genera, or even subgenera, 
according to the dilatation or non-dilatation of the tips of the fingers 
andtoes. The extreme forms, viz. Rana hevadactyla and R. afghana, 
show indeed a very marked difference respecting the shape and struc- 
ture of the fingers and toes—the former having them pointed; the 
latter dilated into very large disks supported by regularly T-shaped 
phalanges. But, when we meet with such forms as 2. malabuarica, 
R. curtipes, R. inguinalis, &c., we must hesitate before referring 
them to the ‘“ Platydactyla” or to the ‘“ Oxydactyla,” and, in fact, 
4. Limnodytes lividus, Blyth, Journ. As. Soe, xxiii. p. 299.—Colombo. 
5. Limnodytes nigrovittatus, Blyth, ibid. xxiv. p. 718.—Tenasserim. 
6. Rana altilabris, Blyth, 1. c. p. 720.—Pegu. 
7. Rana neweraellia, Kelaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. i. p. 192.—Ceylon. 
8. Limnodytes mutabilis, Kelaart, ibid. ii. p. 19.—Colombo. 
9. Limnodytes maculata, Kelaart, 1. e-—Galle. 
10. Rana nebulosa, Hallow. Proce. Ac. Philad. 1860, p. 504.—Hongkong. 
11. Rana multistriata, Hallow. 1. c-—Hongkong. 
12. Rana adtrita, Troschel, in Miiller’s Wirbelth. Mex. p. 82.—Mexico. 
13. Rana missuriensis, Wied, Reise N. Amer. i. p. 115.—Missouri. 
14, Rana spinidactyla, Cope, Proc. Ac. Philad. 1865, p. 197.—Natal. 
15. Pywicephalus frithii, Theobald, Cat. Rept. As. Soc. Mus. 1868, p. 81.— 
Birmah. 
16. Rana circulosa, Rice & Davis, in Jordan’s Man. Vertebr. 2nd edit. p. 255. 
— Indiana. 
t In a few cases the incision is not very deep. 
