38 RANID®. 
belly. Male with two internal vocal sacs. Otherwise like &. 
esculenta. 
China. 
a. Many spec., 5 2. Shanghai. R. Swinhoe [C.]. 
b, c-d. 9 & yg. Chusan. 
e-f. Yg. Chusan. East-India Company [P. ]. 
g-t. 2. Ningpo. 
k-l. SQ. Formosa. 
m. 2 Formosa. M. Dickson, Esq. [P.]. 
39. Rana esculenta. 
Rana esculenta, Giinth. Cat. p. 12. 
Rana viridis, Résel, Hist. Ran. p. 53, pls. 13-16; Linn. Faun. Suee. 
p: 94; Shaw, Zool. iii. p. 103, pl. 31; Dum. § Bibr. p. 843; Lataste, 
Herp. Gir. p. 224. 
esculenta, Linn. S. N. i. p. 857; Laur. Syn. Rept. p. 31 ; Mill. 
Zool. Dan. Prodr. p. 35; Meyer, Syn. Rept. p. 12; Sturm, Deutschl. 
Faun. iii. Heft 1; Donnd. Zool. Beitr, 11. p. 55 ; Daud. Rain. p. 46, 
pl. 15. f. 1, and Rept. viii. p. 90; Cuv. R. A.; Merr. Tent. p. 176; 
Lichw. Zool. Spec, iii. p. 166; Wagl. Syst. Amph. p. 205; Bonap. 
Faun. Ital.; Holandre, Faun. Moselle, p.220 ; Schinz, Faun. Helv. 
p. 148; Tschudi, Batr. p. 79; Bell, Brit. Rept. p.110; Massalongo, 
Erp. Veron. p. 47; Steindachn, Novara, Amph. p. 16; Koch, Ber. 
Senck. Ges. 1872, p. 185; Fatio, Vert. Suisse, ii. p. 812; De Betta, 
Faun. Ital., Rett. Anf. p. 63; Boeitger, Abh. Senck. Ges. 1874, p. 165; 
Schreiber, Herp. Eur, p. 177; Leydig, An. Batr, p. 104; Lessona, 
Atti Ac. Lincer, Mem. Cl. Se.-fis. i. p. 1050, pl. 1. 
ridibunda, Pallas, Iter. 
maritima, Risso, Hist. Nat. Eur. mér. iii. p. 92; Bonap. le. ; 
Girard, U.S. Expl. Exped., Herp. p. 25, pl. 2. f. 7-12. 
—— hispanica, Michah. Isis, 1850, p. 160; Bonap. lL. e. 
calcarata, Michah, l.c.; Tschudi, 1. ce. p. 80, pl. 1. f. 1. 
eachinans, Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-As, ili. p. 7, pl. 1; Evchw. Zool. 
Casp. Cauc. p. 156, pl. 80. 
—— caucasica, Pall. 1. c. 
dentex, Krynicki, Bull. Mose. iii. p. 65, pl. i. 
—— tigrina, Lchw. /. c. 
Pelophylax esculentus, Pitzing. Syst. Rept. i. p. 31. 
—— hispanicus, Lvtzing. Sitz. Ac. Wien, xli. p. 414. 
Vomerine teeth in two slightly oblique groups between the choane. 
Head moderate ; snout rounded or subacuminate ; interorbital space 
much narrower than the upper eyelid; tympanum distinct, about 
two thirds the size of the eye. Fingers moderate, first extending 
a little beyond second; toes entirely webbed ; subarticular tubercles 
of fingers and toes well developed; inner metatarsal tubercle very 
variable, either blunt or compressed, shovel-shaped, much shorter 
than, or nearly as long as, the first toe; a small outer metatarsal 
tubercle. The hind limb being carried forwards along the body, 
the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches nearly the tip of the snout. A 
very prominent glandular lateral fold. Upper parts more or less 
spotted or marbled with dark brown or black; generally three light 
