10. cERATOPHRYS. 221 
being prominent, crest-like; tympanum distinct, large. First finger 
longer than second’; toes free ; tips of fingers very slightly, of toes 
more distinctly dilated. The hind limb being carried forwards 
along the body, the tibio-tarsal articulation reaches in front of the 
eye. Upper surfaces warty, the warts conical, spine-like on the 
limbs; upper eyelid with a horn-like dermal appendage; a )-(- 
shaped glandular fold on the nape; one or two pairs of slightly 
curved folds on the middle of the back; beneath granular. 
Ecuador; Colombia. 
a. Yg. Bogota. 
10. CERATOPHRYS. 
Ceratophrys, (Bote) Wied, Beitr. p. 569; Wagler, Syst. Amph. 
p- 203; Tschudi, Batr. p. 81; Dum. §& Bibr. viii. p. 428; Giinth. 
Cat. p. 24; Cope, Nat. Hist. Rev. 1865, p. 112, and Journ. Ae. 
Philad. (2) vi. 1866, p. 93. 
Phrynoceros, Tschudi, 1. ¢. 
Stombus, Gravenh. Isis, 1825, p. 952; Cope, Journ. Ac. Philad. (2) 
vi. 1866, p. 94. 
Pyxicephalus, sp., Dum. §& Bibr. viii. p. 442. 
Trigonophrys, Hallow. Proc. Ac. Philad. 1856, p. 298. 
Pyxicephalus, Giinth. Cat. p. 24. 
Odontophrynus, Reinh. § Liitk. Vidensk. Meddel. 1861, p. 159. 
Tomopterna, Cope, Nat. Hist. Rev. 1865, p. 112, and Journ. Ae. 
Plhilad. (2) vi. 1866, p. 93. 
Pupil horizontal. Tongue heart-shaped, free behind. Vomerine 
teeth. Tympanum more or less distinct, or hidden. Fingers free ; 
toes more or less webbed, the tips not dilated. Outer metatarsals 
united. Omosternum cartilaginous ; sternum a cartilaginous plate, 
which ossifies in the fully adult state. Terminal phalanges 
simple. 
South America. 
The development of the upper eyelid into a horn-like dermal 
appendage has been considered one of the chief characters of the 
genus Ceratophrys. But in C. ornata it is so little marked that it 
evidently should be used merely as a specific character. The 
species hitherto separated as Odontophrynus (Reinh. & Liitk.) or 
Pywicephalus (Giinth. nec Tschudi) are therefore united with Cera- 
tophrys, the whole forming a very natural genus. 
Synopsis of the Species. 
I. Upper eyelid with several pointed papille. 
A paratoid-like swelling of the skull 
above and somewhat behind the eye. 1. bigibbosa, p. 222. 
