THE NERVOUS SYSTEM 



2%s 



Both the cord 

 and the brain are 

 surrounded by 

 membranes which 

 are designated by 

 Gaupp as fol- 

 lows : Externally 

 is the dura 7uafer, 

 consisting of two 

 layers sepa- 

 rated by a lymph 

 space {ijiterdural 

 space) ; the outer 

 layer of this is 

 pigmented and 

 closely applied to 

 the inner surface 

 of the cranium 

 and neural canal ; 

 the inner layer is 

 devoid of pigment 

 and lies close to 

 the brain and 

 cord. Within the 

 dura mater is a 

 thin vascular layer 

 corresponding to 

 the pia mater and 

 arachnoid of the 

 higher verte- 

 brates ; only here 

 and there does it 

 present a division 



Fig. 79. — The central nervous system of the frog. 

 The roof of the skull and vertebral column re- 

 moved to show the brain and spinal cord, at, 

 atlas, or first vertebra; ati, auditory capsule; 

 /J.i-, brachial enlargement of the cord; f.tm, filum 

 terminale; g.tr, prootic ganglion (trigeminus, or 

 Gasserian ganglion of many authors) ; l.s, lum- 

 bar enlargement of cord; mn ( V"), mandibular 

 branch of fifth nerve ; mx ( F"), maxillary branch 

 of trigeminus nerve; my, myelon.or spinal cord; 

 na, right nasal sac; 11a', left nasal bone; n.c, 

 neural canal; ol.n, olfactory nerve; opli {V), 

 ophthalmic branch of fifth nerve; //, optic nerve. 

 (After Howes.) 



