14 



VERTEBRAL COLUMX. 



dorsal vertebra?, and distinguished by the absence of costal articular 

 surfaces. 



Fig. 9. — Third LumbarYertebra. (A. T.) J 



A, from above ; V>, from tlie right side. 

 1, tlie body ; 2, the pedicle and inter- 

 vertebral notch ; 3, the lamina ; 4, the 

 vertebral ring, somewhat triangular. ; 5, 

 the spinous i^rocess ; 6, transverse process ; 

 7, 7,' suijerior and inferior articular pro- 

 cesses ; e, the mammillary tuliercle, appa- 

 rently on the superior articular process ; 

 /, the accessory tubercle, between the ar- 

 ticular and transverse processes. 



The 1)0(1// has a greater diameter 

 transYcrsely tliaii from before back- 

 wards, and viewed from above or 

 below its surface presents a reni- 

 form outline. That of the fifth 

 lnml)ar vertebra is considerably 

 deeper in front than behind. 



The laminm are shorter, deeper, 

 and thicker than those of the 

 dorsal vertebrae. The superior 

 notches are shallow, the inferior 

 deep. 



Tlie sphtotis 2^i'0ccss projects horizontally backwards. It has con- 

 siderable breadth from above 

 Fis- 10. downwards, and is thickened and 



rough along its posterior edge. 



Fig. 10. — Two Lower Dorsal anp two 

 Upper Lumbar Vertebrae. (A. T.) 4 



with portions of the eleventh and twelfth 

 ribs of the right side : viewed from behind, 

 chielly to show the relations of the trans- 

 verse processes and adjacent tuliercles. 

 1, body of the eleventh doi'sal A'erteln-a ; 

 , sx)inous process of the second lumbar ; 



6, costal tubercle of the transverse process ; 



7, T, supei-ior and inferior articular pi-o- 

 cesses ; e, mammillary, and /, accessory 

 tubercle ; c, c, two ribs. These indica- 

 tions are placed only on thealternate verte- 

 brae to avoid crowding the figure. 





The transverse 2)rocesses, long 

 and somewhat spatula-shaped, 

 project directly outwards. Their 

 extremities lie in series witJi the 

 external tubercles of the lower 

 dorsal transverse processes, and 

 with the ribs. Behind each at its base is a small process pointing 

 downwards, which corres})onds to the inferior tubercles of the dorsal trans- 

 verse processes, and is called the accessory process (auapophysis, Owen). 



