INFERIOR TURBINATED AND MAXILLARY BONES. 



53 



with it the groove for the lachrymal sac ; inferiorly it articulates in its 

 greatest extent with the orbital plate of the superior maxillary bone, 

 while its anterior grooved part projects downwards, taking part in the 



Kg. 45. — Right Lachrymal Bone, from the outside. (A.T.) | 



1, upper or frontal border ; 2, tlie orbital surface ; 3, lachrymal 

 groove ; 4, the hooked process which meets the inferior turbinated bone. 



formation of the lachiymal canal, and terminates in a 



pointed extremity, hamulus ladtrijmalis, which fits into 



an angle between the superior maxillary and inferior 



turbinated bone. The inner surface looks superiorly to 



the anterior ethmoidal cells, and inferiorly to the middle meatus of the 



nose. 



THE INFERIOR TURBINATED BONE. 



The inferior turbinated, jnaxUJo-turlinal, or spongy bone, is a slender 

 lamina, attached by one margin from before backwards along the lateral 

 wall of the nose, and projecting into the nasal cavity, so as to divide 

 the middle from the inferior meatus. It is slightly convoluted, its 

 convexity looking inwards, and its free margin being dependent, 

 slightly thickened, and rolled upon itself. The attached margin arti- 

 culates anteriorly with the oblique ridge below the nasal process of the 

 superior maxillary bone, and ascends abruptly to form the lachrymal 

 process and complete the lachrymal canal and articulate with the 

 lachrymal bone ; behind this it is folded downwards in the maxillary 

 process, forming part of the inner wall of the antrum below the 



Fig. 46. — The Inferior Turbinated Bone op Fig. 46. 



THE Right Side. (A. T.) § 



A, from the outside ; B, from the inside. 



1, anterior angle ; 2, jiosterior angle ; 1, 3, 2, 

 inferior free border ; 4, internal convex surface ; 

 5, part of the bone articulating with the uncinate 

 process of tbe ethmoid ; 6, portion articulating 

 witb the lachrymal ; 7, the outer concave sur- 

 face ; 8, the maxillary 2>rocess or plate deflected 

 from tlie upper border, which, by union with the 

 superior maxillaiy, forms a part of the inner 

 wall of the maxillary sinus. 



entrance into that cavity; above and 

 behind this, it presents a small pro- 

 jection which articulates with the un- 

 cinate process of the ethmoid, and ^ 

 posteriorly it is attached to the hori- 

 zontal ridge on the vertical plate of the palate bone. 



This bone is marked by horizontal grooves and canals for vessels and 

 nerves, but not, as the turbinal parts of the ethmoid are, with vertical 

 grooves for the olfactory nerve. 



THE INFERIOR MAXILLARY BONE. 



The inferior maxilla, mandil)le, or lower jaw, is the thickest and 

 strongest bone of the face, and moves on the rest of the skull by means 



