THE TARSUS -ASTRAGALUS. 



115 



tali, it gives attachment to the inferior calcaneo-scaphoid ligament. 

 The inferior surface, projecting in a rough anterior tubercle, gives attach- 

 ment to the calcaneo-cuboid ligaments. The external surface is sub- 

 cutaneous, and on the whole smooth, but presents in its fore-part 

 a slight ridge, and below it, superficial grooves traversed by the tendons 

 of the perouei muscles. 



The astragalus, or talus, irregular in form, receives the weight of the 

 body from the leg. It articulates with the tibia and fibula above, the 

 OS calcis below, and the scaphoid in front. Its longest axis is directed 

 Ibrwards and inwards. Its convex anterior extremity is called the Jwad, 

 and the circular groove behmd it the necJc. The superior articular sur- 



Fig. lOi. — Right Foot viewed from below, showixg Fig. KU. 



THE Plantak AsI'ECT. (A. T.) ^ 



The indications are the same as in the preceding figure ; 

 the middle and external cuneiform bones are not lettered ; 

 the sesamoid hones are not represented ; they will be seen 

 in the view of the articulations of the foot. 



face, placed behind the neck, consists of a mid- 

 dle and two lateral parts. The middle part, 

 looking upwards to the tibia, is convex fi'om 

 before backwards, broader in front than behind, 

 with its outer jnargin higher and longer than the 

 inner, and curved, while the inner is straight. 

 The inner lateral part is narrow, and articulates 

 with the internal malleolus ; the outer lateral 

 part, much deeper, articulates with the external 

 malleolus. Inferiorly, there arc two smooth sur- 

 faces, Avhich articulate with the calcaneum. The 

 posterior of these, the larger, concave from 

 within outwards and forwards, is separated by 

 a rough depression for the interosseous liga- 

 ment from tiie flat anterior surface, which rests 

 on the sustentaculum tali. The anterior margin 

 of this surface is continuous with the rounded 

 surface of the head, which articulates with 

 the scaphoid bone. The posterior border of the 

 bone lies behind the sustentaculum tali, and like 

 that process, is grooved by the tendon of the flexor longus pollicis. 



The scaphoid or navicular bone is placed at the inner side of the foot 

 between the astragalus and cuneiform bones- It is short from behind 

 Ibrwards, and broad from side to side. If, ]iresents posteriorly an 

 articular concavity for the head of the astragalus, and anteriorly a 

 convex surface divided by two lines converging below, into three facets 

 which articulate respectively with the three cuneiform bones. On its 

 outer side, in some instances, is a small smooth surface, by which it is 

 articulated to the cuboid bone. Its superior and inferior surfaces are 

 rough, and on its inner border, directed downwards, is a prominent 

 tul)/rcle to which the tendon of the tibialis posticus muscle is attached. 



The cuneiform, or wedge-shaped bones, three in number, are dis- 

 tinguished numerically according to their order from within outwards. 

 They intervene between the scaphoid bone and the three inner metatarsa 



I 2 



