THE SIIOULDER-JOIXT. 



149 



down the humerus on the internal or inferior aspect, and is strongest 

 on the superior aspect. It is so lax that the humerus separates 

 from the glenoid cavity as soon as its muscular connections are detached. 

 Superiorly and posteriorly the capsule is strengthened by the tendons 

 of the supraspinatus„. infraspinatus, and teres minor muscles, which 

 are intimately connected with it as they pass over it to reach the great 

 tuberosity of the humerus. Anteriorly the tendon of the subscapularis 

 muscle comes into direct contact with the synovial membrane, which is 

 prolonged upon it through an oval opening. Tlie insertion of the 

 capsule is likewise interrupted opposite the bicipital groove, to give 

 passage to the long tendon of the biceps muscle. 



The coraco-htiineral, or accessoiy ligament, is a broad bundle of 

 fibres extending obliquely over the upper and outer part of the articu- 

 lation ; it is attached to the root of the coracoid process, and thence 

 descends towards the greater tuberosity of the humerus, intimately 

 connected with the capsule. A few fibres of the coraco-humeral liga- 

 ment project into the joint, and are inserted into thejnner and upper 

 part of the bicipital groove ; these have been called the gleno-hnmeral 

 ligament, and are supposed to correspond with the ligamentum teres of 

 the hip joint. 



Fk'. 135. 



Fig. 135. — A Section through the Shoulder- Joint, Tendon op the Biceps and 

 Bicipital Groove, showing somewhat Diagrammatically the Synovial Cavity of 

 the Joint, &c. (A. T.) i 



B, Outline of the same, to show the reflection op the Synovial Membrane 



OVER THE Tendon. 



1, outer part of the clavicle ; 2, the acromial end ; o, the cavity of the shoulder-joint 

 close to tlie upper jjart of the glenoid head, ■wliere there are seen the section of the carti- 

 lages on the liead of the humerus and in the glenoid cavity of the scapula, the glenoid 

 ligament and the origin of the tendon of the biceps muscle ; 4, the glenoid ligament in the 

 lower part of the cavity ; 5, the upper part of tlie capsular ligament and syno\'ial mem- 

 brane ; 6, the tendon of the biceps as it passes out of the joint into the bicij)ital groove ; 

 6', 6', the tubular prolongation of the synovial membrane round the tendon ; 7, the 

 reflection of the sjTiovial membrane on the humerus within the lower part of the capsular 

 ligament. 



The glenoid ligament is a firm fibrous band, about two lines thick 

 which is fixed to the edge of the glenoid fossa, and thus deepens 



