180 



ARTICULATIONS OF THE LOWER LIMB. 



The interosseous ligaments are found to vary somewhat in their connections 

 from those here stated, being sometimes attached at once to the contiguous 

 sides of two tarsal and two metatarsal bones. Attention was first particularly 

 directed to these ligaments by M. Lisfranc, in connection with the amputation 

 of the foot through the tarso-metatarsal articulation. See '• Manuel dos Ojiera- 

 tions Chirurgicales," &c. Par J. Coster. 3rd edit. Paris, 1829. 



S3rnovial membranes. — There are three sj^novial membranes in this 

 irregular series of articulations, a. One belongs to the internal cunei- 

 form and the first metatarsal bone : the joint formed between these two 

 bones is altogether separate and out of the range of the rest. h. A 

 second synovial membrane is placed between the cuboid and the fourth 

 and fifth metatarsal bones ; this is isolated on the inner side by tlie 

 external interosseous ligament, c. The third or middle one is placed 

 between the middle and external cuneiform and the second and third 

 metatarsal bones, and is prolonged between the two last-named bones, 

 as well as sometimes between the third and fourth metatarsal bones. 

 The disposition of this last synovial membrane is subject to variation. 



Metatarsal ArtictQations. — The metatarsal bones are bound 

 together at their tarsal and digital ends ; very firmly in the former, and 

 loosely in the latter situation. 



The tarsal ends of the four outer bones articulate with each other, hav- 

 ing lateral cartilaginous surfaces and provided with synovial membrane, 

 and are connected by dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments. The 



Fig. 161. 



Fig. 161. — Vertical Antero-Postekior Section of the Ankle-Joint and Articu- 

 lations OP THE Foot, a little to the Inside of the Middle of the Great Toe 

 OF the Right Foot. (A. T.) ^ 



1, the synovial cavity of the aukle-joint ; 2, the posterior talo-calcaneal articulatk)n ; 

 3, placed above the talo-scaphoid articidation ; 3', ou tlie astragalus above the anterior 

 talo-calcaneal articulation, which is continuous with the preceding : the interosseous liga- 

 ment is seen separating 2 from 3' ; 4, the inferior calcaneo-scaphoid ligament ; 5, part of 

 the calcaneo-cuboiJ or long plantar ligament ; G, the scapho-cuneiform articulation ; 7, 

 the first cuneo-metatarsal articulation ; 8, the first metatarso-phalangeal articulation ; 

 9, section of the inner sesamoid bone ; 10, the phalangeal articulation ; 11, placed on the 

 calcaneura, indicates the bursa between the upper part of the tuberosity of that bone and 

 the tenJo AcMllis. 



