TEE ADDUCTOR MUSCLES 241 



expanded portion into the inner side of the tibia, on the same plane 

 M'ith but higher than the Bemitendinosus, and under the expanded 

 tendon of the sartorius. 



J?eI(ifio7i.<t. — This thin muscle is covered by the fascia lata, except in a small 

 part inferiorlj, where it is overlapped hj the sartorius ; the deep surface rests 

 fi gainst the adductor brevis, adductor niagnus, semimembranosus, and the in- 

 ternal lateral ligament of the knee-joint. A bursa separates it from that 

 ligament. 



The pectineus muscle, flat and somewhat quadrangular, arises from 

 the ]jectineai line, and from the surface of bone in front of it, between 

 the ihopectineal eminence and the pubic spine. Inclining outwards and 

 backwards as it descends, it is inserted by a flat tendon into the femur 

 behind the small trochanter, and into the upper part of the line which 

 connects the linea aspera of the femur with that prominence. 



Ilclations. — The pectineus is in contact, by its anterior sm-face. with the fascia 

 lata and the femoral vessels ; by the posterior surface, -s^-ith the obttu-ator vessels 

 and nerve, and the external obturator and adductor brevis muscles. By the 

 outer border it touches the psoas magnus ; by the inner border, the adductor 

 longus. 



Vdvictli's. — The pectineus is frequently divided into two pai-ts, which are 

 separate superiorly and have their nerves from different sources, viz., the inner 

 from the obturator and the outer from the anterior crural nerve. This division 

 occurs natiu'ally in many animals. 



The adductor longus, a flat triangular muscle, internal to the pec- 

 tineus, and lying in the same plane, arises by a short tendon from the 

 body of the pubes below the crest and near the angle, and is inserted 

 into the inner margin of the linea aspera between the vastus internus 

 and the adductor magnus. 



liclations. — This muscle is covered by the fascia lata, the sartorius, and the 

 femoral vessels ; the posterior siu-face rests superiorly on the adductor bre\'is, and 

 hiferiorly on the adductor magnus. Externally it is separated by a small interval 

 from the pectineus, and internally it is in apposition vrith the gxacilis. It fonns 

 the inner boundary of Scai"pa"s triangle. 



The adductor brevis, thick above and broad below, arises by a 

 narrow origin, about two inches deep, in contact with that of the gracilis, 

 from the anterior surface of the body, and the descending ramus 

 of the pubes ; directed obliquely backwards and outwards, it is inserted 

 liy a flat tendon, into the whole of the oblique line leading from the 

 small trochanter of the femur to the linea aspera, immediately behind 

 the insertion of the pectineus. 



Tlelations. — The adductor brevis is concealed at its origia by the adductor 

 longus and at its insertion in part by the pectineus ; it is crossed by the super- 

 ficial division of the obturator nerve, and by the profunda femoris ai'teiy ; it 

 rests on the adductor magiius and deep division of the obturator nerve, and by 

 its deep surface is in contact superiorly with the obtm-ator externus, the iutemal 

 circumflex ai'tery passing between. 



The adductor magnus muscle arises from the lower part of the body 

 of the pubis external to the origin of the adductor brevis, from the 

 rami of the pubis and ischium, and from the tuberosity of the ischium 

 near the pubic arch. The muscular fibres diverge from their origin, 

 somewhat like the ribs of a fan from their central pivot : those from 

 the pubis, shorter than the rest, pass transversely outwards, and are 



