298 



DORSAL MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK. 



Fi-. 21 G. 



short cranio- vertebral muscles. Of these muscles those included in the 

 first two j]^roups may be considered as having their fibres passing out- 

 wards from the middle ; those in the third group as having their fibres 

 passing inwards ; those of the fourth group as having their fibres pass- 

 ing in a nearly vertical direction ; and those of the fifth group, confined 

 to the upper part of the vertebral column and to the head, may be 

 looked upon as combining some examples of the others. 



Serkati Muscles. — The serratus posticus superior is a thin flat 

 muscle, which arises from the lower part of the ligamentum nucha3 and 

 from the spines of the last cervical and two or three upper dorsal 

 vertebras by a thin aponeurotic tendon forming about a third of the 

 length of the muscle ; it is inserted by four fleshy digitations into the 

 second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs, a little beyond their angles. It is 

 directed obliquely downwards and outwards, resting on the deep 

 muscles and the angles of the ribs. The muscle is covered, excepting 

 at its superior border, by the rhomboid and levator anguli scapulas 

 muscles. 



Fig. 216.— Dorsal Mus- 

 cles OF THE Upper 

 Part op the Trunk. 

 (A. T.). i 



I, first ; VI, sixth dor- 

 sal vertebra, 1 , upper part 

 of the complexus muscle ; 

 2, splenius capitis ; 3, 3', 

 splenius colli ; 4, serratus 

 posticus superior ; 5, up- 

 per part of the longis- 

 siinus dorsi ; t>', the same 

 continued up on the left 

 side into the transversali* 

 cervicis ; 5', 5'', on the 

 right side, the transver- 

 salis cervicis spread out 

 from its attachments ; b", 

 upper insertions of the 

 sacro-lumbalis and acces- 

 sorius ; ti', the same con- 

 tinued up on the left side 

 into the cei'vicalis ascen- 

 dens ; 6", lower end of 

 the latter muscle of tlie 

 right side spread out from 

 its attachments ; 7, small 

 part of the spinalis dorsi ; 



8, right levator anguli sca- 

 imliB ; 8', on the left side, 

 its upper part divided ; 



9, three of the levatores 

 costarura on tbe right side. 



The serratus posticus inferior, oroacler and stronger than the pre- 

 ceding muscle, passes outwards and upwards to the four lowest ribs ; it 

 arises, by a thin aponeurotic membrane from the posterior layer of the 

 lumbar aponeurosis, and is inserted by four fleshy digitations into the 

 lower borders of the last four ribs. The uppermost of those digitations 

 is very broad, and covers in part the second ; the last, varying in size 

 with the length of the twelfth rib, is entirely concealed by tiie rest of 

 the muscle (see fig. 165, p. 191). The serratus inferior is covered by 



