PULMOXARY ARTEPJES AXD VEINS. 3i5 



Fig. 241. — General View of the Heart and Bloob-Vesselb, from before and 



FROM THE right SIDE IN A MaLE AltULT. 1 



A, Right auricle ; B, left auricular appendix ; C, right ventricle ; D, part of the 

 left ventricle ; I, aortic arch, and descending aorta ; II, trunk of the pulmonary artery 

 dividing into its right and left branches, and connected to the aorta by the cord of the 

 ductus arteriosus ; III, vena cava suiierior ; IV, vena cava inferior. 



1, innominate artery and right carotid ; 1', left carotid ; 2, right and left subclavian 

 arteries ; 3, intercostal vessels ; 4, inferior diaphragmatic arteries ; below 4, the cceliac 

 axis and superior mesenteric artery ; .5, renal arteries ; 6, 6', the spermatic arteries ; 

 below 6, the inferior mesenteric ; 7, 7', right and left common iliac arteries ; 8, 8', 

 external iliac arteries ; 9, left epigastric and circumflex iliac arteries ; 10, 10', internal 

 iliac arteries ; and between these two figures, the middle sacral artery ; 11, femoral 

 arteries ; 2, profunda femoris artery of the left side. 



a, right brachio-cephalic vein ; «', the left ; b, h', right and left subclavian veins ; h", 

 the cephalic vein of the right arm ; c, c', internal jugular veins ; c", right facial vein 

 joining the internal jugular ; d, external jugular veins formed by the posterior auricular 

 and temporal ; cV, anterior jugular veins with the transverse joining the external jugular ; 

 €, azygos vein passing over the root of the right lung ; /, the hepatic veins ; <j, origin of 

 the renal veins ; to the sides are seen the kidney and the suprarenal bodies ; >/, riglit, 

 g", left ureter ; h, right spermatic vein ; h', the left, joining the left renal vein ; /, /, 

 common iliac veins ; i', i', external iliac veins ; k, femoral veins ; I, saphenous vein of 

 the right side. 



For fuller informaiion ou the natural and abnormal distrilmtion of 

 the blood-vessels, the reader may consult the works of Haller and 

 Tiedemann, and more especially the "Anatomy of the Arteries," by 

 Richard Quain, 1844 ; the third volume of Heule's " Systematic Work," 

 18G8, in which a connected view of the varieties is given ; and other 

 special treatises. 



The sanguiferous system consists of two great divisions, compre- 

 hended in the lesser or juilmonic and the greater or systemic circula- 

 tions. To tlie former belong the pulmonary arteries and veins, Avhich 

 will be first described. 



PULMOXAEY ARTEEIES AXD VEINS. 



PULMONARY ARTERY. 



The main pnlmonary artery is a short wide vessel, which carries 

 the dark blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. It arises 

 from the infundibulum or conns arteriosns of the right ventricle, and 

 passes for the space of nearly two inches upwards, and at the same time 

 backwards and to tlie left side, to reach the concavity of the aortic arch, 

 where it divides into two branches — the right and left pulmonary arte- 

 ries. The mode of attachment of the main pulmonary artery to the 

 base of the ventricle has already been fully noticed. At each side of its 

 commencement is the corresponding coronary artery springing from 

 the aorta, and close to its side are the two auricular appendages. It is 

 iit first in front of the aorta and conceals the origin of that vessel ; but 

 higher up, where it lies in front of the left auricle, it passes to the left 

 side of the ascending aorta, and is finally placed beneath the middle 

 part of the arch. Tiie pulmonary artery and the aorta are united to- 

 gether by connective tissue and by the serous layer of the pericardium, 

 which fi^r the space of about two inches forms a single tube around 

 both vessels. Rather to the left of its point of bifurcation it is con- 

 nected to the under side of the aortic arch liy means of a short fibrous 

 cord, which passes obliquely upwards, backwards, and to the left. This 



