BRANCHES OF THE AOETA. 



549' 



Fig. 243. — View op the 

 Thoracic a\d upper 

 part of the abdominal 

 Aorta, showing their 

 principal relations 

 (A. T.) i 



a, the hyoicl bone ; b, 

 l^laced on the anterior 

 scalene muscles, j)oints to 

 the upper part of the pneu- 

 inogastric nerves ; c, the 

 trachea below the isthmus 

 of the thyi-oid gland, and 

 lower down the same letter 

 is on the left bronchus ; c', 

 one of the divisions of the 

 right bronchus emerging 

 from beliind the aorta ; 

 in the hollow of the aortic 

 arch, above 5, are seen the 

 cord of the ductus aiieri- 

 osus cut short, and the left 

 recurrent nerve passing 

 below the arch ; + , is placed 

 on the right side between 

 the recurrent neiwe and the 

 vertebral artery as they 

 pass upwards ; d, the oeso- 

 phagus ; e, upon the right 

 crus of the diaphragm, and 

 farther doA^m c', mark the 

 receptaculum chyli of the 

 thoracic duct, and its com- 

 mencement by the lumbar 

 plexus of lymphatic vessels 

 and eflferent mesenteric lac- 

 teal vessels ; /, on the 

 third, seventh, and eleventh 

 ribs, points to the vena 

 azygos and superior inter- 

 costal veins of the right 

 side ; ,7, kidney ; c/, supra- 

 renal body ; h, body of the 

 fourth lumbar vertebra. 



/, sinus of the aortic 

 arch or ascending part of 

 the arch : below this the 

 semilunar valves are seen 

 closed and distended by 

 injection ; /', posterior part 

 of the arch, ui:)on which 

 the left pneumo-gastric 

 neiwe is seen descending ; 

 /", descending thoracic part 

 of the aorta ; //, abdominal 

 aorta emerging from be- 

 tween the crura of the 

 diaphragm. 



Branches of the arch and thoracic aorta ; 1, right and left coronary arteries ; 2, inno- 

 minate ; 3, left carotid ; 4, left subclavian ; 5, bronchial arteries ; 6, 6, oesophageal 

 arteries : the lower figure points by a line to the thoracic duct ; 7, intercostal arteries, 

 marked in the sixth and seventh intercostal spaces. 



Branches of the abdominal aorta ; 8, inferior diaphragmatic arteries cut short ; 9, 

 cceliac axis with the gastric, splenic, and hepatic arteries cut short ; 10, placed on the 



