TEMPORAL ARTERY. 3G9 



external carotid artery ; 16, trunk of the internal carotid artery ; 17, 17, inside the 

 thyroid axis of the subclavian arteiy, and on the inferior thyroid artery where it is 

 distributed in the gland ; 18, sui^erior thjToid artei-y, anastomosing in the gland -with 

 tlie inferior thyroid ; 19, lingual artery, brought into view by the removal of the lower 

 part of the hyo-glossus muscle ; 20, facial artery, giving off the palatine, tonsillitic 

 and submental; 21, inferior labial ; 22, coronary artery ; 23, occipital artery ; 24, pos- 

 terior auricular artery ; 25, superficial temporal artery ; 26, internal maxillary artery ; 

 27, transverse facial, given off in this instance directly by the external carotid 

 artery. 



artery is deeply seated in the parotid gland, through the substance of which it 

 runs nearly horizontally forwards ; getting between the parotid duct and the 

 zygoma, it rests on the masseter muscle, and is accompanied hy one or two 

 transverse branches of the facial nen-e. It gives small vessels to the jiarotid 

 gland, the masseter muscle, and the neighboiuing integument ; and divides into 

 three or four- branches, which are distributed to the side of the face, anasto- 

 mosing with the infra-orbital and facial arteries. 



(h) The middle tcwjwral branch. This arises close above the zj'goma. and 

 immediately perforating the temporal fascia, sends branches to the temporal 

 muscle, which communicate with the deep temporal branches of the internal 

 maxillary artery. An offset from this artery runs to the outer angle of the 

 orbit, where it gives branches to the orbicularis palpebrarum muscle. 



(r) The anterior auricvlar branches, two or more in number, superior and 

 inferior. These branches arise above the middle temporal. They are distributed 

 to the fore-part of the pinna, the lobe of the ear, and a part of the external 

 meatus, anastomosing with the ramifications of the posterior auricular artery. 



(r/) The antrrior temjwral branch, one of the two terminal branches of the 

 temporal artery. This vessel inclines forwards as it ascends over the temporal 

 fascia, and ramifies extensively upon the forehead, supplying the orbicular and 

 occipito-frontal muscles, the pericranium, and the skin, and communicating wdth 

 the supra-orbital and frontal branches of the ophthalmic artery. On the upper 

 part of the cranium the branches of this artery are directed from before back- 

 wards. When it is desired to take blood from the temporal arterj', the anterior 

 temporal branch is selected for the oiDeration. 



(e) The jfo-'^to'io'i' trmjwrnl hraneh. This is usually larger than the anterior, 

 passes back on the side of the head, above the ear, and over the temporal fascia ; 

 its branches ramify freely in the coverings of the cranium, both upwards to the 

 vertex, where they communicate with the corresponding vessel of the opposite 

 side, and backwards to join with the occipital and posterior auidcular arteries. 



Varieties. — The temjwral artery is frequently tortuous, especially in aged 

 persons. Occasionally a large unusual branch runs forward above the zygoma, 

 to the upper part of the orbit. The temporal artery sometimes joins with the 

 ophthalmic and furnishes large frontal arteries. 



The anterior temjwral branch is sometimes larger than the posterior, and 

 passing backwards over the vertex of the head, communicates with the occipital. 



The transrer.y artcri/ of the face varies in .size ; occasionally it is much larger 

 than usual, and takes the place of a defective facial artery. In some instances 

 the transverse artery arises directly from the external carotid. 



7. Internal Maxillary Artery. — The internal maxillary or deep 

 facial artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the external 

 carotid, is concealed by the parotid gland at its origin below the con- 

 dyle of the jaw ; it curves horizontally forwards between the jaw and 

 the internal lateral ligament of the temporo-maxillary joint, then passes 

 oVjliquely forwards and npwards on the outer surface of the external 

 pterygoid muscle (not unfrequently beneath and within it), and opposite 

 the interval between the two heads of that muscle, bends inwards to the 

 spheno-maxillary fossa, where it ends by division into a number of 

 branches. 



