THOEACIC LYMPHATIC GLAXDS. 



513 



they may be named the anterior mediasthial glands. Between the 

 intercostal muscles and in the line of the heads of the ribs on the side 

 of the spine is a set of glands, named intercostal, which receive the 

 lymphatics from the thoracic parietes and the pleura ; their efferent 

 ducts communicate freely with each other and open into the thoracic 

 duct. Three or four cardiac lymphatic glands lie behind the aortic 

 arch, and one before it : and another cluster, varying from fifteen to 

 twenty in number, is found along the oesophagus, constituting the 

 oesophageal gla7ids. The Ironchial glands, ten or twelve in number, are 



Fi- 325. 



Fig. 325.— Lymphatic Ves- 

 sels OP THE He.^D and 



Neck and op the Upper 

 Part op the Trune 

 (from Mascagni). i 



The chest and pericar- 

 dium have been opened ou 

 the left side, and the left 

 mamma detached and 

 thrown outwards over the 

 left arm, so as to expose a 

 gi-eat part of its deep 

 surface. 



The principal lymphatic 

 vessels and glands are 

 shown on the side of the 

 head and face, and in the 

 neck, axilla, and medias- 

 tinum. Between the left 

 internal jugular vein and 

 the common carotid artei-y, 

 the upper ascending part 

 of the thoracic duct marked 

 i, and above this, and de- 

 scending to 2, the arch and 

 last part of the duct. The 

 termination of the upper 

 lymjihatics of the dia- 

 phragm in the mediastinal 

 glands, as well as the 

 cardiac and the deep mam- 

 mary lymphatics, are also 

 shown. 



of much larger size 

 than those just men- 

 tioned. The largest of these occupy the interval between the right and 

 left bronchi at their divergence, whilst others of smaller size rest upon 

 the first divisions of these tubes for a short distance within the lungs. 

 In early infancy their colour is pale red ; towards puberty, we find 

 them verging to grey, and studded with dark spots ; at a more advanced 

 age they are frequently very dark or almost black. In chronic diseases 

 of the lungs they sometimes become enlarged and indurated, so as to 

 press on the air-tubes and cause much irritation. They are frequently 

 the seat of tuberculous deposits. 



The deep lymphatics of the thoracic walls are divisible into two 

 sets, the sternal and the intercostal. The sternal lymphatics, com- 

 mencing in the muscles of the abdomen, ascend between the fibres of 

 the diaphragm at its attachment to the ensiform cartilage, and continue 



VOL. I. T, T 



