128 Lake Maxinkuckee, Physical and Biological Survey 



be of inestimable value and interest. It was during the period in 

 which the lake was under observation that several species, such as 

 the tamarack, pitcher-plant, yellow-fringed orchis, and a few others 

 wholly disappeared in places where they were once abundant, and 

 appear on the way to complete extermination in this region. It 

 was only a few years before the investigations began that the yel- 

 low and white sweet clovers made their appearance in the region. 

 The entire-leaved prickly lettuce had just appeared and was repre- 

 sented only by a few pioneers ; the typical form with incised leaves 

 had not yet appeared. A few adventurers, like the first colonists 

 of the new world, attempted and failed. About 1906, the Russian 

 thistle first made its appearance in the form of a small patch along 

 the Assembly grounds, but this did not persist. It was the same 

 year that the tumbleweed or winged tumbleweed, Cycloloma, made 

 its appearance at the lake, although it had been seen several miles 

 west of the lake in 1904. It was only in the year 1909 that the 

 dainty Galinsoga, whose advent had been looked for for some time, 

 and a red-leaved Oxalis, perhaps 0. rufa, first made their appear- 

 ance in the railroad grounds, in all probability from seed in soil 

 brought directly from Sewickley, Pa., the location of the Pennsyl- 

 vania Railroad's propagating gardens. 



General Floral Regions 



As has been said, the general floral regions correspond pretty 

 closely with the soil regions. The following general areas are rec- 

 ognized in this report : (1) the beach, (2) the lake plains, corres- 

 ponding to the muck of the soil survey and most marked at Inlet 

 marsh and the marsh about Lost Lake, (3) low woodland, (4) high 

 gravelly sandy woodland as at Long Point, (5) upland clay wood- 

 land, as Overmyer's field, and, back of the Inlet marsh around 

 beyond Van Schoiack's on the east side, (6) upland sandy wood- 

 land, as the stretch of forest north of Lost Lake marsh, (7) upland 

 loamy woodland, as Culver's woods and northeast of the lake, (8) 

 gullies or creek bottoms such as those along Culver's and Over- 

 myer's creeks, (9) woodland ponds, (10) sphagnous bogs, and (11) 

 shifting sand regions. 



The beach flora: — The wide beach on the east side is compara- 

 tively barren, its barrenness being due to its sandy soil, which is 

 easily moved about by waves. From Culver Academy grounds on 

 around to Norris Inlet there is on the narrow, sandy, gravelly 

 beach a pretty well marked flora, the elements of which are cockle- 



