106 



Lench or Lenches, according to Mr. Harland, in Baines' Lane, 

 is a contraction ov corruption of Langhshaw or Langshaws, 

 wliich means the long narrow strips of wood stretching along the 

 bill side. 



New Hall Hey is from the New Hall, near Rawtenstall. Hall 

 means " a stone honse," a manor house, in which courts were 

 held, from Sax. Jieal and D. hal : and Hei/ or Hay, " a hedged 

 inclosure," from Sax. hwy, a hedge, " and was usually an inclosure 

 for the purposes of the chase." In Hall Carr, Carr means 

 "boggy or marshy ground." Hall Carr, then, is The Hall Bog, 

 or Marsh Land. This is its meaning, unless there was a fort in 

 the neighbourhood ; for the word Car, in one form or another, 

 signifies also " a stronghold or fortified place. 



The next Township, which is by far the largest in the Forest, 

 is Newchurch, which, along with the isolated portions, we must 

 defer for the present. These include Musbury, Yate and Pickup 

 Bank, with Hoddlesden, Henheads and parts of Habergham- 

 Eaves, Cliviger, Spotland, and the streams, valleys, farm and 

 field names of the forest. 



Originally the forest would, to a great extent, be covered with 

 wood of less or greater growth, but, as cultivation progressed, 

 the trees would be separated into more or less isolated patches, 

 which received distinctive or proper names, which are still given 

 to the localities, farms, &c. on which they stood. Hence we have 

 in the forest and surrounding districts such names as Shair, from 

 the Sax. Scua, Scttwa, a thicket, a tvooil, or the Ang. Sax. sccatja, 

 a shady place, a small wood. This word is of very frequent 

 occurrence as in three or four of the booths, and in Nutshaw 

 and Nutshaw Hill ; also in Cronkshaw Hill, the twisting, bent or 

 crooked wood opposite to Gambleside. 



Shawclou/jh is "the wood in the clough." Shaw occurs in 

 many places both in and out of the forest, and corresponds pretty 

 nearly with Holt, Ger. JIolz and Ang. Sax., a copse. 



Hurst, Sax. h^irst or hyrst, " a thick wood, a grove," analogous 

 to our Eng. word wood, from Sax. ivuda, wudu, Du. woud, " a 

 thick collection of trees." These two words appear in Hurstwood 

 Hall, where wood is a reduplication of hurst, being added by 

 persons who did not know the meaning of hurst, i.e. " The Hall 

 in the thick wood." Mickle Hurst and Stony Hurst are other 

 examples meaning, the great wood and the stony wood. 



Weald, Wold, and Wood, are related to holt, each meaning 

 woodland. Den, Dean, Sax. den, dene, denn, "a deep wooded 

 valley," we have in Dean, near Water, Haslingden, and Todmor- 

 den. Dell and dale, mean also a valley, but don't necessarily 

 imply the presence of wood. " The dens were the swine pas- 

 tures ; and down to the 17th century the " Court of Dens," was 

 held at Adlington to determine disputes arising out of the rights 



